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References

  1. For a fuller justification of this terminology, see J. Bocheński:Formale Logik. Freiburg i/B. 1956. pp. 3–5.

  2. Wetter, G. A.:Dialectical Materialism. London. 1958. pp. 523–535.

  3. Dahm, H.:Renaissance der formalen Logik. In: Ost-Probleme 1957, 8, 254–267.

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  4. JSL 14, 1949, 243f.; 16, 1951, 46–48; 17, 1952, 124–129; 18, 1953, 83–86 and 271f.; 19, 1954, 149.

  5. Küng, G.:A Bibliography of Soviet Mathematical Logic. Ms. in the Institute of East-European Studies, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.

  6. Lobkowicz, N.:Das Widerspruchsprinzip in der neueren sowjetischen Philosophie. Dordrecht. 1959.

  7. Philipov, A.:Logic and Dialectic in the Soviet Union. New York. 1952.

  8. See J. M. Bocheński:Der sowjetrussische dialektische Materialismus (Diamat). Bern. 1956. (pp. 35ff.) andEinführung in die sowjetische Philosophie der Gegenwart. In: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte. B 45/59. Bonn. 1959 (p. 597). On the “dead” period, see also the qualifications by Wetter inop. cit. pp. 175–181. In logic perhaps more than elsewhere, it is quite incorrect to speak about a “Stalinist” period; it was Stalin who operated the “liberalization” after having imposed silence.

  9. Both Wetter (op cit. second German edition p. 544 — corrected in the English edition) and myself (Diamat 1950 p. 133) put that decree erroneously in 1947. The error has been corrected by Dahm inop cit. p. 254f. See also BSE ed. 2, vol. 25, p. 336.

  10. Such as: Čelpanov (a new — somewhat corrected — edition of a pre-revolution textbook), Strogovič, Asmus and Vinogradov.

  11. Strogovič, M. S.:Logika. Moskva. 1956. It is interesting to note that this is a textbook destined for the military academy.

  12. Osmakov VF 1948, 2, 376.

  13. End of June 1948 (Osmakovloc. cit.); July 1949 (VF 1951, 6, 144); March 1950 (Osmakov VF 1950, 3, 330).

  14. Marksizm i voprosy jazykoznanija. Moskva. 1950. (English: Marxism and Problems of Linguistics. Moscow-London. 1954/5.)

  15. VF 1950, 2 to 1951, 6. German translations in:Über formale Logik und Dialektik. Berlin. 1952. 216 S.

  16. VF 1955, 2, 218–224.

  17. VF 1955, 3, 158–171; 1956, 2, 229–236.

  18. VF 1956, 2, 218–224.

  19. VF 1956, 2, 224–238.

  20. See Lobkowiczop. cit. and his article in this volume.

  21. Gorskij, D. P.:Logika. Moskva. 1958 is one example.

  22. e.g.:Books: Alekseev, M. N.:Dialektika form myšlenija. Moskva. 1959.Logičeskie issledovanija. Moskva. 1959.Problemy dialektičeskoj logiki. Moskva. 1959. Reznikov, L. O.:Ponjatie i slovo. Leningrad. 1958.Voprosy logiki. Leningrad. 1959.Articles: Drozdov, A. V.:O suščnosti i sostave sub'ekta i predikata suždenija. In:Voprosy logiki. Leningrad. 1959 (pp. 28–36). Getmanova, A. D.:O sootnošenii logiki i matematiki v sistemax tipa Principia Mathematica. In:Logičeskie issledovanija. Moskva. 1959 (pp. 189–217). Kol'man, E.:Značenie simboličeskoj logiki. In:Logičeskie issledovanija. Moskva. 1959 (pp. 3–19). Zinov'ev, A. A.:Problema značenij istinnosti v mnogoznačnoj logike. VF 1959, 3, 131–136.

  23. Church, A.:A Bibliography of Symbolic Logic. In: JSL 1, 1936, p. 136, N. 58.

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  24. Ibid..

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  25. Gil'bert, D., Akkerman, V.:Osnovy teoretičeskoj logiki. Moskva. 1947.

  26. Tarskij, A.:Vvedenie v logiku i metodologiju deduktivnyx nauk. Moskva. 1948.

  27. Kleene, S.:Vvedenie v metamatematiku. Moskva. 1957.

  28. Novikov, P. S.:Elementy matematičeskoj logiki. Moskva. 1959. The book of Popov, A. I.:Vvedenie v matematičeskuju logiku (Leningrad. 1959), was not available to the writer.

  29. Matematika v SSSR za sorok let. 1959 (2 vols.).

  30. Janovskaja, S. A.:Matematičeskaja logika i osnovnaja matematika. In:ibid. pp. 13–120. I am obliged to Prof. Janovskaja for sending me this important historical treatise along with several other publications.

  31. Küngop. cit. See also his paper in this volume.

  32. A complete report in Ljapunov, A. A.:Matematičeskie issledovanija, svjazannye s ekspluatacej elektronnyx vyčislitel'nyx mašin. In:Matematika v SSSR za sorok let. Moskva. 1959. There is a Western report on the early stage of discussions on this subject by A. von Weiss:Logischer Positivismus und Kybernetik im Blickfeld der bolschewistischen Kritik. In: Freiburger Zeitschrift f. Phil. u. Theol. 1955, 2, 273–295; summary in: Ost-Probleme 1956, 8, 1478–1485.

  33. Sobolev, S. L., Kitov, A. I., Ljapunov, A. A.:Osnovnye čerty kibernetiki. VF 1955, 4, 136–148. Kol'man, E.:Čto takoe kibernetika? VF 1955, 4, 148–159. Frolov, Ju. P.:Sovremennaja kibernetika i mozg čeloveka. VF 1956, 3, 116–122. Sobolev, S. L., Ljapunov, A. A.:Kibernetika i estestvoznanie. VF 1958, 5, 127–138. Arab-Ogli, E.A.:Sociologija i kibernetika. VF 1958, 5, 138–151. Andrjuščenko, M. N.:Nekotorye filosofskie voprosy kibernetiki. FN 1959, 3, 96–107. Berg, A. I.:O nekotoryx problemax kibernetiki. VF 1960, 5, 51–62.

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  34. Practically the whole second part of this book (pp. 300–464), with papers of G. N. Povarov, N. E. Kobrinskij and B. A. Traxtenbrot, A. D. Xarkevič, B. M. Rakov, A. N. Jurasov, V. F. D'jačenko and V. G. Lazarev, is devoted to such problems.

  35. Viner, N.:Kibernetika ili upravlenie i svjaz' v životnom i mašine. Moskva. 1958.

  36. Ešbi, U. R.:Vvedenie v kibernetiku. Moskva. 1959.

  37. Problemy kibernetiki. Moskva. 1959.

  38. Sokolovskij, Ju. I.:Kibernetika nastojaščego i buduščego. O “razumnyx” mašinax, iskusstvennyx organax čuvstv, avtomatičeskom perevode knig, matematičeskoj logike i fiziologii nervnoj dejatel'nosti. Xar'kov. 1959.

  39. Here are two instances of such “classical” textbooks. N. I. Kondakov:Logika. Moskva. 1954. has the following content: 1. Object and tasks of logic. 2. The principle of identity. 3. The principle of contradiction. 4. The principle of excluded middle. 5. The principle of sufficient reason. 6. Logical procedures. 7. The judgement. 8. The reasoning: Inductive reasoning. 9. Deductive reasoning. 10. Analogy. 11. Hypothesis. 12. The Concept. 13. Relations between the concepts. 14. Demonstration. — The plan of the work is certainly not deprived of a certain originality, but the content is, obviously, quite classical. Another instance isLogika (pod. red. D. P. Gorskogo i P. V. Tavanca). Moskva. 1956: 1. Object and importance of the science of logic. 2. The concept. 3. Logical operation on concepts. 4. The judgement. 5. The kinds (vidy) of simple judgement. 6. The kinds of complex judgement. 7. Reasoning. Direct reasoning. 8. The syllogism. 9. Disjunctive and conditional reasoning. Relational reasoning. 10. Inductive reasoning. 11. Methods for the establishment of the causal connection between the phenomena. 12. Analogy. 13. The hypothesis. 14. Proof. 15. Errors in proof. 16. The basic laws of logic. — Here the arrangement is far more conventional but the content is still the same. It may be further remarked that a definition of mathematical logic which appears in the above-quoted work by Kondakov (p. 481b) could equally well appear in the writings of any Western existentialist philosopher.

  40. Voprosy logiki. Moskva. 1955. See the articles by L. B. Baženov and E. K. Vojšvillo.

  41. Logičeskie Issledovanija. Moskva. 1959. See the articles quoted in footnote 22.

  42. VF 1959, 3, 175–179.

  43. For example, that of Gorskij quoted above.

  44. For a statement of the situation and an able presentation of the case for modern logic, see E. Kol'man:Značenie simboličeskoj logiki. In:Logičeskie Issledovanija. Moskva. 1959 (pp. 3–19).

  45. See T. Blakeley:Soviet Scholasticism (Sovietica) in print, and his paper in the present volume.

  46. See, for example, Mamardašvili, M. K.:Processy analiza i sinteza. VF 1958, 2, 50–63.

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  47. E.g. Kopnin, P. V.:O xaraktere znanija, soderžaščegosja v gipoteze. FN 1958, 2, 106–120.

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  48. See BocheńskiEinführung pp. 610–611.

  49. Novikovop. cit. p. 9f.

  50. See the papers quoted in notes 15 to 19 and those of E. K. Vojšvillo (pp. 3–31), A. S. Axmanov (32–102), L. B. Baženov (103–119) and V. F. Asmus (192–284) — all inVoprosy logiki. Moskva. 1955. The newest relevant contribution is Narskij, I. S.:K voprosu o sootnošenii formal'noj logiki i dialektiki. In: Vestnik M-ogo Universiteta 1960, 3, pp. 51–63.

  51. Bocheńskiloc. cit.

  52. VF 1951, 3, 152–163.

  53. Lobkowiczop. cit.

  54. Bakradze and Kondakov in the articles quoted in 18 and 19.

  55. Axmanov, A. S.:Formy mysli i zakony formal'noj logiki. In:Voprosy logiki. Moskva. 1955 (pp. 32–102) andLogičeskoe učenie Aristotela. Moskva. 1956.

  56. Aristotel':Analitiki pervaja i vtoraja. Moskva. 1952. The older translation dates from 1894.

  57. Zinov'ev, A. A.:O rabote seminara po logike v Institute filosofii AN SSSR. VF 1958, 2, 167–172.

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  58. Stjažkin, N. I.:Elementy algebry logiki i teorii semantičeskix antinomij v pozdnej srednovekovoj logike. In:Logičeskie issledovanija. Moskva. 1959 (pp. 20–32).

  59. Primakovskij, A. P.:Bibliografija po logike. Xronologičeskij ukazatel' proizvedennij po voprosam logiki izdannyx na russkom jazyke v SSSR v XVIII–XX vv. Moskva. 1955.

  60. Kalandaršvili, G. M.:Očerki po istorii logiki v Gruzii. Materialy i opyt issledovanija. Tbilisi. 1952.

  61. Asmus, V. F.:Kritika buržuaznyx idealističeskix učenij logiki epoxi imperializma. In:Voprosy logiki. Moskva. 1955 (pp. 192–284).

  62. One such study is in preparation by the author.

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Bocheński, J.M. Soviet logic. Studies in Soviet Thought 1, 29–38 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02412995

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