Abstract
Soil solution chemistry was measured in a Haplic Podzol in a Norway spruce (Picea abies, L. Karst) site in central Sweden that had received frequent low-dose applications of nitrogen (N) as ammonium nitrate (30–120 kg N/ha yr) and phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (20–40 kg P/ha about every third year) over a long period (22 yr). The aim was to investigate effects of added N on the ion leaching before and after clear-cutting. The N load corresponded well with actual loads in central Europe. Prior to clear-cutting, fertilization increased concentrations of several ions in the soil solution. Total losses of NO3 −, Al and H+ increased with the intensity of fertilization. However, since fertilization enhanced tree growth and nutrient uptake, differences between the total losses of several other ions tended to be equalized. After clear-cutting, the pH in the soil solution decreased, and the losses of Mn and Al increased with fertilizer load, probably because of increased N mineralization and nitrification. In the N treatments the concentration of SO4 2− in the soil solution decreased, probably owing to increased adsorption in the B horizon in response to the pH decrease. The effects of anthropogenic N deposition are discussed in the light of our findings and possible causes of temporal and spatial variation in soil solution chemistry and ion fluxes are suggested.
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Berdén, M., Nilsson, S.I. & Nyman, P. Ion leaching before and after clear-cutting in a Norway spruce stand — effects of long-term application of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate. Water Air Soil Pollut 93, 1–26 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02404745
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02404745