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Three thousand years of copper metallurgy—seen through the eyes of Mössbauer spectroscopy Part II: A bronze age copper process in the alpine region

  • Mineralogy, Geology and Archaeology
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Abstract

For reconstructing an ancient copper smelting process the operative conditions as temperature and oxygen fugacity in the furnace and rate of cooling of the products must be known. This can be achieved by the semiquantitative determination of the mineral phases and the structure of the slags with the aid of analytical methods especially Mössbauer spectroscopy. Then thermodynamic data and approaches developed in geology are used to deduce the process parameters.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, D-2000, Hamburg 13, Germany

    R. Rüffler

  2. Werkstoffwissenschaften, Universität des Saarlandes, Im Stadtwald, D-6600, Saarbrücken, Germany

    U. Gonser

Authors
  1. R. Rüffler
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  2. U. Gonser
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Rüffler, R., Gonser, U. Three thousand years of copper metallurgy—seen through the eyes of Mössbauer spectroscopy Part II: A bronze age copper process in the alpine region. Hyperfine Interact 70, 1005–1008 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02397498

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02397498

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