Abstract
The thermal conductivity,K, and the thermal diffusivity,D T , of normal liquid4He have been obtained from the temperature response, ΔT (ω), across a fluid layer of thickness,d, to an ac heat flux,Q(t)=Q 0 exp(iωt). Previous transient heat flux experiments measured the thermal relaxation of the fluid towards equilibrium and assumed the dominance of a single slowest mode. The present ac technique allows measurements under steady-state conditions while driving the system at a single frequency, ω. The response curve for ΔT(ω)/Q 0 yields data forK,D T and the boundary resistance,R b . Boundary effects appear at frequencies higher than τ−1 ≡ DT/d2 where the fluid is unresponsive to bulk heat transport. We use this fact to obtainR b with high accuracy in the normal phase from the high frequency response. In addition, the apparatus permits the fluid thickness,d, to be varied continuously andin situ from zero to 3 mm, allowing for further consistency in the fluid measurements. This work also includes data for the onset of convection whereQ 0>Q c, andQ c corresponds to the heat amplitude at convective onset.
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Olafsen, J.S., Behringer, R.P. Dynamic measurements of thermal transport coefficients and boundary resistance I. Normal4He. J Low Temp Phys 106, 673–704 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02395931
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02395931