Skip to main content
Log in

The potential impact of needle biopsy on surgery for thyroid nodules

  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Current techniques with fine and cutting needle biopsies permit greatly improved selection of patients with thyroid nodules for operation. A diagnosis of definite or probable carcinoma was confirmed in 95% of 76 patients, and the addition of the category of indeterminate cellular nodule resulted in an overall frequency of carcinoma in 86%. Therefore, the frequency of operations for benign thyroid nodules was dramatically decreased. Critical for the use of needle biopsy of the thyroid is experience in obtaining an adequate and representative sample of the nodule, as well as in cytologic and histologic interpretation of the tissue. Results of needle biopsy of thyroid nodules should be correlated with clinical findings even though the latter criteria provide a much less accurate index of the need of operation.

The frequency of carcinoma in patients selected for operation can be increased from the 15% to 30% experienced in the past to a level of approximately 85% by needle biopsy. Thyroid nodules that are recognized as cellular by needle biopsy, but in which carcinoma cannot be ruled out should be treated surgically. Improved selectivity for operation for thyroid nodules has not yet significantly reduced the total number of patients undergoing operation in our practice. Some thyroid nodules that would have been treated nonoperatively in the past are now recognized as needing surgery. Operative eradication of nodules that have been considered clinically benign and managed as such in the past, but which are now recognized as being actual or possible carcinoma by needle biopsy conceivably will reduce the frequency of anaplastic or invasive carcinoma in the future. Falsenegative results have been recognized in 1% or less of patients. A preoperative diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma by needle biopsy permits an immediate, definitive surgical procedure, and changes the operative approach for such patients. Needle biopsy of thyroid nodules can reduce procrastination in making a decision for a surgical or medical approach to the management of thyroid nodules.

Résumé

Chez les malades atteints de nodules thyroïdiens, la ponction et la biopsie à l'aiguille sont d'excellents critères d'indication opératoire. Chez 76 malades, un diagnostic certain ou probable de cancer a été confirmé dans 95% des cas; si l'on y ajoute les nodules où le type cellulaire est indéterminé, la fréquence globale des cancers est de 86%. Le nombre d'opérations pour nodules thyroïdients bénins a donc été fortement réduit. Pour la biopsie à l'aiguille, il faut savoir prélever une carotte adéquate et représentative du nodule; il faut, de plus, un pathologiste compétent pour interpréter la cytologie et l'histologie. Les résultats de la biopsie doivent être confrontés aux données cliniques, même si celles-ci constituent un mauvais critère de l'indication opératorie.

Grâce à la biopsie à l'aiguille, la fréquence des cancers chez les malades opérés peut être portée des 15 à 30% usuels dans le passé jusqu'à près de 85%. Lorsque la biopsie révèle un nodule thyroïdien cellulaire et que le cancer ne peut être exclu, le malade doit être opéré. L'amélioration des critères de sélection n'a pas encore réduit de façon significative le nombre d'opérations thyroïdiennes dans notre pratique. Certains nodules thyroïdiens qui n'auraient pas été excisés jadis sont maintenant opérés. Pour certains nodules considérés auparavant comme cliniquement bénins et traités comme tels, la biopsie à l'aiguille montre qu'il s'agit en fait de cancers avérés ou possibles: leur exérèse va peut-être réduire dans le futur la fréquence des cancers anaplasiques et invasifs. La fréquence des résultats faussement positifs est de 1% ou même moins. Le diagnostic pré-opératoire de cancer thyroïdien par la biopsie à l'aiguille réduit les hésitations et retards de traitement, permet de réaliser d'emblée une chirurgie radicale et modifie donc l'abord chirurgical de ces malades.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Boehme, E.J., Winship, T., Lindsay, S., Kypridakis, E.: An evaluation of needle biopsy of the thyroid gland. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.119:831, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kolendorf, K., Hansen, J.B., Engberg, L., Friis, T., Lindenberg, J.: Fine needle and open biopsy in thyroid disorders. Acta Chir. Scand.141:20, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Galvan, G., Pohl, G.B.: Cytological diagnosis of thinneedle biopsies in 2,523 patients with nontoxic nodular goiter. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr.98:2107, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hamburger, J.I., Miller, J.M., Kini, S.: Clinical Pathological Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Handbook and Atlas, limited edition, Southfield, Michigan, private publication by Joel I. Hamburger, 1979

  5. Miller, J.M., Hamburger, J.I., Kini, S.: Diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Use of fine-needle aspiration and needle biopsy. J.A.M.A.241:481, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang, C., Vickery, A.L., Jr., Maloof, F.: Needle biopsy of the thyroid. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.143:365, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Crile, G., Jr., Hawk, W.A.: Aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.136:241, 1973

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Miller, J.M.: Large needle biopsy diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma: problem areas. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci.9:319, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Beahrs, O.H.: Indications for excision of the clinically solitary thyroid nodule. In Controversy in Surgery, Varco, R.L., Delaney, J.P., editors, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1976, pp. 153–158

    Google Scholar 

  10. Nishiyama, R.H., Dunn, E.L., Thompson, N.W.: Anaplastic spindle-cell and giant-cell tumors of the thyroid gland. Cancer30:113, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Crile, G.W., Jr., Vickery, A.L., Jr.: Special uses of the Silverman needle in office practice and at operation. Am. J. Surg.83:83, 1952

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Green, W., Senturia, H., Packman, R., Richards, F.: Management of the thyroid nodule. J.A.M.A.221:1265, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Block, M.A., Miller, J.M. & Kini, S.R. The potential impact of needle biopsy on surgery for thyroid nodules. World J. Surg. 4, 737–741 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393534

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393534

Keywords

Navigation