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Social organization in a confined group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): An application of correspondence analysis

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Abstract

A group of Japanese macaques (M. fuscata) housed in a 1,200 m2 enclosure at Cavriglia Park (Arezzo, Italy) was observed for a total of 273 hr to investigate social organization. Data on social behaviour, according to a defined ethogram, were recorded using a focal animal sampling method.

Correspondence analysis was applied to focal data collected during the 1984 non-breeding season (April–October) and during the 1984–1985 breeding season (November–March). The results of the descriptive analysis showed (1) the presence of highly social females and of peripheralizing juvenile male during the non-breeding season; (2) the two highest-ranking males demonstrated an opposite behavioural pattern compared to the lowest-ranking and the oldest females; and (3) the presence of female homosexuality during the breeding season seemed to be the cause of the complete change in group organization from one season to the other.

The value of correspondence analysis in research on social behaviour is discussed in the conclusions: this is a descriptive non-inferential method that allows an effective and easily-legible graphic representation of the relations between animals and behaviours.

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Lunardini, A. Social organization in a confined group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): An application of correspondence analysis. Primates 30, 175–185 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381302

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