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Deviate-ontogenies in the aphelinid male [Hymenoptera] associated with the ovipositional behavior of the parental female

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Zusammenfassung

Intrapezifische Geschlechtsunterschiede in den Beziehungen zum Wirt, die sich in einer abweichenden Männchen-Entwicklung ausprägen, kennzeichnen 45 Arten in 8 Gattungen derAphelinidae. Diese abweichende Männchen-Entwicklung ist bei den verschiedenen Arten entweder unabhängig oder abhängig von der Lage des haploiden Eies am Wirt.

Bei 8 Arten (Gruppe I) ist die Geschlechtsdifferenzierung in der Beziehung zum Wirt unabhängig von der gewöhnlichen Plazierung der haploiden und diploiden Eier. Die Unterschiede treten erst nach der Eiablage und der Vollendung der Embryonalentwicklung auf.

Bei 3 Arten (Gruppe II A-1) ist die unterschiedliche Plazierung haploider und diploider Eier und die darauf folgende Verwirklichung einer unterschiedlichen Entwicklung ein psychologischer Effekt, der von einem reversiblen physiologischen Zustandswechsel der Spermathecen-Drüse des begatteten Weibchens herrührt.

Bei 27 Arten (Gruppe II B) und bei 2 Arten (Gruppe II A-2) verursacht die Kopula eine vollständige Umstellung bei der üblichen Plazierung der Eier, wobei die haploiden Eier von dem unbegatteten Weibchen an oder in parasitischen Hymenopteren oder in Lepidopteren-Eier abgelegt werden, während diploide Eiver von dem begatteten Weibchen an oder in Homopteren plaziert werden. Diese Umstellung führt dazu, dass die Nachkommen begatteter Weibchen alle weiblich sind.

Bei 5 Arten der GattungCasca (Gruppe III) ist die Sonderentwicklung der Männchen vielleicht auf deren Embryonalperiode beschränkt. Eine unterschiedliche Plazierung haploider und diploider Eier mag daraus geschlossen werden, dass bei mehreren Arten alle Nachkommen begatteter Weibchen weiblich sind.

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  1. Department of Biological Control, Citrus Research Center and Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California, Riverside, California

    Stanley E. Flanders

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  1. Stanley E. Flanders
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Flanders, S.E. Deviate-ontogenies in the aphelinid male [Hymenoptera] associated with the ovipositional behavior of the parental female. Entomophaga 12, 415–427 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02376928

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