High-pressure penstocks for hydroelectric power stations, made from steel and reinforced concrete

Conclusions

• 1. The calculated failure point agrees with the results of tests and quite accurately determines the internal pressure at which the stresses in the casing and reinforcement reach the yield point.

• 2. A combined steel reinforced-concrete structure gives more reliable results, eliminating catastrophic failure which is characteristic of steel structures. The stress concentration in it is not so marked as in a metal design.

• 3. A combined steel reinforced-concrete structure, which is more rigid and massive, resists water-hammer stresses better.

• 4. The assembly of combined steel reinforced-concrete pipelines and branchess is nearly the same as that of steel ones, and can be done by the same methods and equipment and with the same procedure.

• 5. Combined steel reinforced-concrete designs permit the construction of pipes and junctions of practically any parameters. The construction can be used in pipe unions for main gas pipelines and similar structures.