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Life cycle and host specificity of the heliotrope weevil,Pachycerus cordiger (=Madidus auct.) [Col.: Curculionidae]

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Abstract

Pachycerus cordiger Germar (Curculionidae: Cleonini) is a potential agent for the biological control ofHeliotropium europaeum L. (Boraginaceae) in Australia. Adults feed on the leaves and larvae feed on the main roots of the weed within an earthen cell. These is one generation per year. Adults overwinter in the cells before emerging in late spring when they begin to feed, mate and oviposit on their host plants from late May until late July. Seven Boraginaceae and 31 economically important crop species were tested using adults and 1st instar larvae.P. cordiger was found to be specific to the Boraginaceae. Field observations strongly suggested that the weevil is restricted to summer-annualHeliotropium species. A widespread egg parasite,Caenocrepis? bothynoderi Gromakov [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae], caused up to 18% mortality.

Résumé

Le charançonPachycerus cordiger Germar [Curculionidae: Cleonini] est prometteur pour lutter contre la mauvaise herbeHeliotropium europaeum L. (Boraginaceae) en Australia. L'adulte se nourrit des feuilles et la larve construit une cellule de terre autour d'une racine principale dont elle se nourrit. Il n'y a qu'une seule génération par an. Les nouveaux adultes passent l'hiver toujours dans leurs cellules avant de sortir au printemps, saison à partir de laquelle ils commencent à se nourrir, à s'accoupler et à pondre sur leurs plantes hôtes de Mai jusqu'à la fin de Juillet. Des adultes et des larves du 1er stade ont été testés sur 7 espèces de Boraginacées et 31 des plus importantes espèces cultivées.P. cordiger s'est montré spécifique des Boraginacées. Selon les observations sur le terrain, ce charançon est probablement limité aux espèces annuelles d'Heliotropium de l'été. Un parasite des œufs,Caenocrepis ?bothynoderi Gromakov [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae] est très répandu et peut occasionner jusqu'à 18% de mortalité.

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Huber, J.T., Vayssieres, J.F. Life cycle and host specificity of the heliotrope weevil,Pachycerus cordiger (=Madidus auct.) [Col.: Curculionidae]. Entomophaga 35, 475–484 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02375273

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