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Evaluation ofMicrothrix inconspicuella, [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae], a potential biological control agent forEmex australis in Australia, carried out in apple orchards in South Africa

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Abstract

Host specificity tests carried out in the laboratory in Australia during 1977, showed thatMicrothrix inconspicuella Ragonot could develop on young apple leaves (Harley et al., 1979). Field studies in unsprayed apple orchards in South Africa showed that some feeding occurred, but fewer than 40% of late instar larvae developed to adults when confined in sleeves on apple tree branches. No feeding or survival occurred in large field cages or in the open. Adults which developed from apple fed larvae were smaller, deformed, occasionally mated and laid fertile eggs but their progeny did not feed or develop on apple fruit or leaves. In conclusion,M. inconspicuella larvae did not develop on apple fruit or leaves in the field, damage was mainly limited to apples already injured and feeding on leaves was minimal. Under normal pest control practicesM. inconspicuella populations did not survive on any part of the apple tree or onE. australis growing under the trees.

Résumé

Les tests de spécificité conduits au laboratoire en Australie en 1977, montraient queMicrothrix inconspicuella pouvait se développer sur le jeunes feuilles de pommiers (Harley et al., 1979). Les études conduites en vergers de pommiers en Afrique du Sud montraient la possibilité d'une faible alimentation, mais moins de 40% des derniers stades larvaires atteignaient le stade adulte quand ils étaient confinés dans des manchons sur des branches de pommiers. Il n'y avait ni alimentation, ni survie dans de grandes cages ou en plein air. Les adultes issus de larves nourries sur pomme étaient plus petits, déformés, s'accouplaient occasionnellement et pondaient des œufs fertiles, mais leur descendance ni se nourrissait, ni se développait sur fruit ou feuille de pommier. En conclusion, les larves deM. inconspicuella ne se développaient pas sur pomme ou sur feuilles de pommier en plein air, les dommages étaient principalement limités aux pommes déjà blessées et l'alimentation sur feuilles était minimale. Dans les conditions normales de la lutte contre les ravageurs, les populations deM. inconspicuella ne pouvaient survivre sur une partie quelconque du pommier ou surE. australis croissant sous les arbres.

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Shepherd, R.C.H. Evaluation ofMicrothrix inconspicuella, [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae], a potential biological control agent forEmex australis in Australia, carried out in apple orchards in South Africa. Entomophaga 35, 583–587 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02375092

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