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Commercial inundative releases ofTrichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae] againstCryptophlebia leucotreta [Lep.: Tortricidae] in citrus

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Abstract

Inundative releases of the egg parasitoidTrichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja were made againstCryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) on 5 commercial citrus farms in the western Cape Province, South Africa, over 2 successive seasons. A target release volume of 80 000 parasitoids ha−1 week−1 was established for releases over 29 and 33 weeks during the 2 seasons. Total seasonal volumes reached an equivalent of 2.3 and 3.8 million parasitoids ha−1 respectively. Compared with check treatments on each farm, larval population size was reduced in the release areas by 54% in the 1st and by almost 60% in the 2nd season. Percentage crop loss was reduced by 49.4±12.4 and 61.1±8.3% respectively. Treatment effects were clearly related to increases in rate of parasitism measured in both artificially-placed and in nativeC. leucotreta egg populations. Treatment efficacy is similar to that obtained with applications of chitin synthesis inhibitors but parasitoid production costs are 30% of insecticide costs. Manual distribution of parasitoids is labour intensive, however, and further studies should investigate whether inoculative releases at higher rates per week over a shorter period, are effective.

Résumé

Dans la partie ouest de la province du Cap, en Afrique du Sud, des lâchers inondatifs du parasitoïde oophageTrichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja ont été réalisés contreCryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick), dans 5 exploitations de citrus, sur une période de 2 saisons consécutives. Un lâcher de 80 000 parasitoïdes par hectare et par semaine a été réalisé durant 29 et 33 semaines respectivement pour les 2 saisons. A la fin de chaque saison le nombre total de parasitoïdes atteint fut de 2.3 et 3.8 million d'individus par hectare respectivement. Comparée avec les zones non-traitées, sur les mêmes vergers, la population larvaire des zones de lâchers fut réduite de 54% lors de la 1re saison et de 60% lors de la 2c. Le pourcentage de perte de récolte a été réduit de 49.4±12.4 et de 61.1±8.3% respectivement. Ce résultat est à relier à l'augmentation du taux de parasitisme constaté sur la population des œufs.

L'efficacité de ce traitement est semblable à celle obtenue avec l'application des inhibiteurs “de synthèse de la chitine”, mais le prix de la production des parasitoïdes n'est que de 30% par rapport à celui du prix de l'insecticide. Le travail manuel trop intensif, demande que des essais soient réalisés pour vérifier si des lâchers inoculatifs, à un taux plus élevé par semaine et sur une période plus courte seraient efficaces.

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Newton, P.J., Odendaal, W.J. Commercial inundative releases ofTrichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae] againstCryptophlebia leucotreta [Lep.: Tortricidae] in citrus. Entomophaga 35, 545–556 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02375089

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02375089

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