Summary
The chemical and spectroscopic data presented herein show that about 50% of the weight of the termite fungus comb consists of carbohydrates (⊂40%) and proteinaceous materials (⊂10%). Of the remaining material about 30% appears to be aliphatic in nature (long-chain and branched alkanoic acids) and 20% aromatic and phenolic. The data on monosaccharide composition indicate that the fungus comb material, rich in glucose, arabinose and xylose, is predominantly of plant origin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abo-Khatwa N 1977 Natural products from the tropical termiteMacrotermes subhyalinus: chemical composition and function of fungus-gardens. Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum scripta varia 41, III, 447–479 (7).
Abo-Khatwa N 1978 Cellulase of fungus-growing termites: A new hypothesis on its origin. Experientia 34, 559–560.
Arshad M A 1981 Physical and chemical properties of termite mounds of two species of Macrotermes (Isoptera: Termitidae) and the surrounding soils of the semiarid savanna of Kenya. Soil Sci. 132, 161–174.
Arshad M A 1982 Influence of the termiteMacrotermes michaelseni (Sjost) on soil fertility and vegetation in a semiarid savanna ecosystem. Agro-Ecosystems 8, 47–58.
Block R J 1956 Amino Acid Handbook. Methods and Results of protein Analysis. Thomas Press, Springfield, Ill. 386 p.
Bottomley A M and Fuller C 1921 The fungus food of certain termites. S. African J. Nat. Hist. 3, 139–144.
Calderoni G and Schnitzer M 1984 Nitrogen distribution as a function of radiocarbon age in Paleosol humic acids. Org. Geochem. 5, 203–209.
Darlington J P E C 1978 Populations of nests of Macrotermes species in Kajiado and Bissell. Sixth Annual Report, Int. Centre Insect Physiol. Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya, pp. 22–23.
Josens G 1971 Le renouvellement des meules à champignons construites par quatre macrotermitinae (Isoptères) des savanes de Lamto-Pacobo (Cote-d'Ivoire). Compt. Rendus Acad. Sci. paris 272, 3329–3332.
LaFage J and Nutting W 1978 Nutrient dynamics of termites.In Production Ecology of Ants and Termites. Ed. M V Brian. pp. 165–233, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Luscher M 1951 Significance of ‘fungus gardens’ in termite nests. Nature 167, 34–35.
Luscher M 1961 Air-conditioned termite nests. Scient. Am. 205, 138–145.
Oades J M 1984 Soil organic matter and structural stability: Mechanisms and complications for management. Plant and Soil 76, 319–337.
Rohrmann G F 1978 The origin, structure and nutritional importance of the comb in two species of Macrotermitinae (Insecta, Isoptera). Pedobiologia 18, 89–98.
Rohrmann G F 1980 Nutrient strategies ofMacrotermes ukuzii (Isoptera: Termitidae). Pedobiolgia 20, 61–73.
Sadtler Standard Infrared Spectra 1963 Sadtler Research Laboratories Inc. Philadelphia, PA. IR Spectra 5455 and 23480.
Schnitzer M and Preston C M 1983 Effects of acid hydrolysis on the13C NMR spectra of humic substances. Plant and Soil 75, 201–211.
Sowden F J, Chen Y and Schnitzer M 1977 The nitrogen distribution in soils formed under widely differing climatic conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 41, 1524–1526.
Spiteller M 1980 Kapillargaschromatographische Bestimmung von Zuckern unterschiedlicher Böden. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 143, 720–729.
Zoberi M H 1979 The ecology of some fungi in a termite hill. Mycologia 71, 536–545.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arshad, M.A., Schnitzer, M. The chemistry of a termite fungus comb. Plant Soil 98, 247–256 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374828
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374828