Studies on some fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants and the consequent prospect for the control of Verticillium wilt
- 92 Downloads
- 23 Citations
Summary
Biological control of Verticillium wilt disease with antagonistic micro-organisms was studied. Antagonism of some fungi, isolated from tomato rhizosphere, toVerticillium albo-atrum R & B. was observedin vitro. A clearly defined zone, in which the growth of the pathogen was inhibited, was observed withPenicillium spp. (includingPenicillium chrysogenum Thom) andFusarium culmorum (S.G. Sm) Sacc., whileTrichoderma viride pers. ex Fries,Gliocladium spp. andPenicillium vermiculatum Dangeard, suppressed the growth ofV. albo-atrum by penetrating, and overgrowing it. OnlyT. viride andP. vermiculatum culture filtrate added to the Dox's agar, reduced the radial growth ofV. alboatrum.
Root-dip application of culture filtrates ofT. viride andP. chrysogenum was found to be most effective in controlling the disease, followed by other species ofPenicillium andGliocladium spp. WhileFusarium culmorum provided no control. Improvement of plant height and vigour with a better yield due to culture filtrate treatment occurred. Root-dip application of antagonistic fungal propagules (T. viride, P. chrysogenum) to tomato seedlings was also very effective in controlling wilt in tomato plants grown inV. albo-atrum infested soil.
Key Words
Antagonism Biological control Disease severity Rhizosphere microflora TomatoVerticillium albo-atrumPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Baker, K. F. and Cook, R. J. 1974 Biological Control of Plant Pathogens W. R. Freeman and company, San-Francisco.Google Scholar
- 2.Baruah, H. K. and Dutta, B. K. 1979 A study on the effect of foliar application of organic and inorganic chemicals on the rhizosphere microflora, disease development and plant vigour in tomato plants infected withVerticillium albo-atrum R. & B. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India. Vol.XLVIII Sect. B, Part IV, pp 173–185.Google Scholar
- 3.Brian, P. W. 1960 Antagonistic and competitive mechanisms limiting survival and activity of fungi in soil.In The Ecology Soil Fungi. Eds D. Parkinson and J. S. Waid, pp 115–129 Liverpool University Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
- 4.Cook, F. D. and Lockhead, A. G. 1959 Growth factor relationship of soil micro-organism as affected by proxicimity to the plant root. Can. J. Microbiol.5, 323–334.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Dutta, B. K. 1977 Some studies on the plant soil relations uponVerticillium species. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Wales, UK.Google Scholar
- 6.Dutta, B. K. and Isaac, I. 1979 Effects of inorganic amendments (N, P and K) to soil on the rhizosphere microflora of antirrhinum plants infected withVerticillium dahliae Kleb. Plant and Soil52, 561–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Dutta, B. K. and Isaac, I. 1979 Effects of organic amendments to soil on the rhizosphere microflora of antirrhinum plants infected withVerticillium dahliae Kleb. Plant and Soil53, 99–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Hollis, J. P. 1951 Bacteria in healthy potato tissue. Phytopathology41, 350–366.Google Scholar
- 9.Gray, T. R. G. and Williams, S. T. 1971 Soil Micro-organisms. University Reviews in Botany. Oliver & Boyd. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
- 10.Hopkins, F. G. and Cole, S. W. 1903 A contribution to the chemistry of proteids II. The constitution of tryptophane, and the action of bacteria upon it. Physiol. London29, 451–466.Google Scholar
- 11.Isaac, I. and Rogers, W. G. 1974 Verticillium wilt of pea (Pisum sativum). Ann. Appl. Biol.76, 27–35.Google Scholar
- 12.Isaac, I. 1954 Studies in the antagonism betweenBlastomyces luteus and species of Verticillium. Ann. Appl. Biol.76, 27–35.Google Scholar
- 13.Mitchell, C. P. 1973 Antagonistic interactions involving Trichoderma. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Stirling, U.K.Google Scholar
- 14.Roberts, J. L. and Roberts, E. 1939 Auxin production by soil micro-organisms. Soil Sci.48, 135–139.Google Scholar
- 15.Wilson, K. S. 1954 The fate ofVerticillium albo-atrum R. & B. in muck soil as affected by various species of fungi, Diss. Abst.14, 15–16.Google Scholar