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Assessing augmentative releases of parasitoids using the «Recruitment method», with reference toEdovum puttleri, a parasitoid of the colorado potato beetle [Coleoptera: chrysomelidae]

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Abstract

Release of approximately 17,700 experienced adult femaleEdovum puttleri Grissell against 1st generation Colorado potato beetle eggs in 1987 in a 0.4 ha potato field in S. Deerfield, Massachusetts resulted in only 3.6% parasitism as assessed by direct measurement of host and parasitoid recruitment. Levels of non-viability indicated an additional 2.8% of hosts killed by parasitoid hostfeeding, for an overall impact of 6.4%. Release in 1988 of 126,300 parasitoid against 1st generation hosts in a 0.4 ha potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) field at the same site produced only slightly higher levels of parasitism (10.6%) and host feeding (2.0%).

Release in 1987 of 32,800 wasps against 2nd generation eggs resulted in only 0.7% parasitism and 0.3% host feeding due to the toxicity of fenvalerate (PydrinR) residues from a single application applied for control of the potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae (Harris). Release in 1988 of 47,400 wasps against the 2nd host generation in the absence of any pesticide applications resulted in 34.4% parasitism and 16.1% host feeding, for a total impact of 50.5%. Difference in parasitization levels between host generations supports the idea thatE. puttleri adults require an in-field carbohydrate source such as aphid honeydew to reproduce. In Massachusetts, aphid populations in potato typically do not develop until the end of the 1st larval generation.

The recruitment method ofVan Driesche & Bellows (1988) proved to be a satisfactory approach for determining results of augmentative parasitoid releases.

Résumé

En 1987, le lâcher approximatif de 17.700 adultes deE. puttleri femelles, contre la première génération des œufs de doryphores dans un champ de pommes de terre à S. Deerfield au Massachusetts, entraînait un parasitisme, établi par la mesure directe de l'hôte et du parasitoïde, de 3.6% uniquement. Les niveaux de non viabilité indiquaient un pourcentage supplémentaire de 2,8% d'hôtes tués par «host-feeding» pour un impact total de 6,4%. Le lâcher en 1988 de 126.300 parasitoïdes contre la 1re génération d'hôtes dans un champs de pommes de terre de 0,4 ha au même endroit, produisait uniquement des niveaux légèrement supérieurs de parasitisme (10,6%) et d'«host-feeding» (2,0%).

Le lâcher en 1987 de 32.800 hyménoptères contre la 2e génération d'œufs entraînait uniquement 0,7% de parasitisme et 0,3% d'«host-feeding» par suite de la toxicité des résidus d'une seule application de fenvalerate (PydrinR) utilisée pour lutter contre la cicadelle de la pomme de terreEmpoasca fabae (Harris). Le lâcher en 1988 de 47.400 hyménoptères contre la 2e génération d'hôtes entraînait, en l'absence de toute application insecticide, 34,4 % de parasitisme et 16,1 % d'«host-feeding» pour un impact total de 50,5%. La différence dans les niveaux de parasitisme entre les générations de l'hôte supporte l'idée que les adultes d'E. puttleri réclament à l'extérieur une source d'hydrates de carbone tels que le miellat de pucerons pour se reproduire. Dans l'Etat du Massachusetts, les populations de pucerons de la pomme de terre, ne se développent typiquement pas jusqu'à la fin de la première génération larvaire.

La méthode «de recrutementα deVan Driesche & Bellow (1988) pouvait être une approche satisfaisante pour déterminer les résultats de lâchers croissants de parasitoïdes.

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Van Driesche, R.G., Ferro, D.N., Carey, E. et al. Assessing augmentative releases of parasitoids using the «Recruitment method», with reference toEdovum puttleri, a parasitoid of the colorado potato beetle [Coleoptera: chrysomelidae]. Entomophaga 36, 193–204 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374555

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