Abstract
Five species of larval parasitoids were reared fromRhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) infested fruit of hawthorn,Crataegus, collected from several locations in southwest Washington over a four year period. A braconid,Biosteres melleus (Gahan), parasitized larvae infesting fruits of a native hawthorn species,Crataegus douglasii Lindl. Another braconid,Opius downesi Gahan, emerged exclusively fromR. pomonella pupae reared from fruits of an introduced species of hawthorn,Crataegus monogyna Jacq. A pteromalid,Pteromalus sp., and two eulophids,Tetrastichus spp., attackedR. pomonella larvae infesting fruits of both hawthorn species. No parasitoids emerged from a total of 4385 pupae reared from apple. Percent parasitism ofR. pomonella was higher inC. monogyna compared toC. douglasii fruits. The highest average levels of parasitism ofR. pomonella inC. monogyna andC. douglasii fruits were 90% and 23% respectively. The kinds of parasitoids, their relative abundances and timing of parasitization on the two hawthorns was related to differences in fruit ripening patterns and its effect on the development ofR. pomonella on these two hosts. Parasitization ofR. pomonella byTetrastichus spp. is a new host record. The detection of these species andPteromalus sp. in southwest Washington are the first records of ectoparasitoids attacking this tephritid.
Résumé
Cinq espèces de parasitoïdes larvaires ont été obtenues à partir des fruits de l'aubépine,Crataegus, infestés deRhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) qui ont été récoltés durant quatre ans à différents sites du sud-ouest de l'état de Washington. Un braconide,Biosteres melleus (Gahan), parasite les larves qui attaquent les fruits deCrataegus douglasii Lindl, une espèce d'aubépine indigène. Un autre braconide,Opius downesi Gahan, n'émerge qu'exclusivement des pupes provenant des fruits deCrataegus monogyna Jacq., une espèce d'aubépine introduite. Un pteromalide,Pteromalus sp. eet deux eulophides,Tetrastichus spp., attaquent les larves deR. pomonella qui infestent les fruits des deux espèces d'aubépine. Aucun parasitoïde n'a émergé des 4 385 pulpes obtenues des pommes. Le taux de parasitisme deR. pomonella est plus élevé dans les fruits deC. monogyna que dans ceux deC. douglasii avec des pourcentages moyens atteignant respectivement 90% et 23%. Les espèces de parasitoïdes, leur abondance relative et l'époque du parasitisme sur les deux espèces d'aubépine sont en relation avec les différences de maturation des fruits des deux hôtes qui influencent le développement deR. pomonella. Tetrastichus sp. est signalé pour la première fois en tant que parasite deR. pomonella. La découverte de ces espèces et dePteromalus sp. dans le sud-ouest de l'état de Washington, constitue la première mention d'ectoparasitoïdes attaquant ce téphritide.
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Gut, L.J., Brunner, J.F. Parasitism of the apple maggot,Rhagoletis pomonella, infesting hawthorns in Washington. Entomophaga 39, 41–49 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373493
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373493