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La spécificité deDiadromus pulchellus [Hyménoptère: Ichneumonidae] vis-à-vis de son hôteAcrolepiopsis assectella, la teigne du poireau

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Résumé

La spécificité deDiadromus pulchellus vis-à-vis de son hôte habituel,Acrolepiopsis assectella, est testée à l'aide de 3 autres espèces de Lépidoptère,Plutella xylostella, Ephestia kuehniella etPlodia interpunctella. D. pulchellus parasite spontanémentA. assectella etP. xylostella, que les chrysalides soient nues ou avec leur cocon et que les larves soient élevées ou non sur leur plante hôte. Les 2 autres espèces ne sont parasitées que si elles sont introduites dans un cocon d'A. assectella ou deP. xylostella. Le cocon est donc un des éléments de la spécialisation deD. pulchellus. Il pourrait s'agir de facteurs physiques liés à la structure du cocon, mais également de composés chimiques insolubles présents dans la soie et les glandes labiales mais absents des glandes mandibulaires. La spécificité deD. pulchellus, essentiellement éthologique, semble renforcée par des facteurs physiologiques nutritionnels, la mortalité deD. pulchellus étant plus élevée dansP. unterpunctella que dans les autres espèces hôtes, en particulierA. assectella etE. kuehniella. La base trophique des larves est donc plus large que la base de ponte des femelles. Les parasitoïdes entièrement élevés surE. kuehniella ouP. interpunctella étant incapables de pondre spontanément dans les chrysalides des espèces dont ils sont issus, l'hypothèse d'Hopkins est ici infirmée.

Summary

The specificity of the IchneumonidD. pulchellus towards its usual host-pupa,A. assectella, is tested using 3 other lepidopteran species,Plutella xylostella, Ephestia kuehniella andPlodia interpunctella. The female wasp spontaneously parasitizes the pupae ofA. assectella andP. xylostella whether they are inside their cocoons or not (naked pupae) and whether the larvae are reared on their host plant,Allium porrum or on a synthetic diet.P. interpunctella andE. kuehniella pupae are not parasitized even if they are covered with very attractive larval frass ofA. assectella, whether they are inside their own cocoons or not. These 2 species are only parasitized if they are introduced in a cocoon ofA. assectella orP. xylostella.

The pupal cuticular waxes and the cocoon are 2 of the possible elements important in the specialization of the host choice byD. pulchellus. Studies in scanning electron microscopy show that the physical structure ofA. assectella andP. xylostella cocoons has similarities. But non soluble chemicals in the silk can have an influence. The female wasps are sensitive to ground cocoons and to crushed labial glands but not to crushed mandibular glands.

The parasitoid specificity for small moths feeding on plants producing sulfur volatiles is essentially behavioural, but seems to be reinforced by some nutritional factors. The wasp mortality is higher inP. interpunctella pupae than in the other species tested. Moreover, positive correlations exist between the size of the host pupae and of the parasitoid, and the development duration of the moths and ofD. pulchellus. Thus, the trophic basis of parasitoid larvae is wider than the oviposition basis of female parasitoid. The wasps reared inE. kuehniella or inP. interpunctella do not spontaneously oviposit in the pupae of these two species. Therefore in this example,Hopkins hypothesis is invalidated.

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  1. Institut de Biocénotique Expérimentale des Agrosystèmes UA CNRS 340, Avenue Monge, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, (France)

    E. Thibout

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Thibout, E. La spécificité deDiadromus pulchellus [Hyménoptère: Ichneumonidae] vis-à-vis de son hôteAcrolepiopsis assectella, la teigne du poireau. Entomophaga 33, 439–452 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373181

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