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Larval parasitoids and pathogens of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Lep.: Gelechiidae), in India

Entomophaga volume 37, pages 419–427 (1992)Cite this article

Abstract

Natural enemies of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), were studied at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) located near Hyderabad in peninsular India. Hymenopterous parasitoids attacking leaf miner larvae were the most important group of natural enemies. Nine primary and eight secondary parasitoids emerged from host larvae, and killed up to 50% of the leaf miner larvae sampled. The trophic relationships between primary and secondary parasitoids are incompletely understood. The influence of pathogens of this species is reported for the first time. These pathogens killed up to 30% of the leaf miner larvae. The combined effects of all mortality agents killed up to 95% of the leaf miner larvae per sample period. However, use of insecticides in sprayed plots reduced the efficacy of parasitoids. The impact of predators on larval populations was not studied and may explain underestimates of leaf miner mortality rates.

Résumé

La mineuse des feuilles d'arachide,Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) est un ravageur important des cultures d'arachide et de soja en Asie du sud. Un grand nombre d'ennemis naturels des larves de la mineuse, notamment des parasitoïdes hyménoptères, ont été signalés. Au cours de cette étude, neuf espèces de parasitoïdes primaires et huit espèces de parasitoïdes secondaires ont été obtenues par émergence à partir de larves prélevées sur le terrain. Les taux de mortalité dûs à ces parasitoïdes peuvent atteindre 50% des larves de chaque génération de la mineuse. L'efficacité de ces ennemis naturels est diminuée par l'emploi d'insecticides.

Les interactions trophiques entre parasitoides primaires et secondaires au sein de cette biocoenose sont complexes et ne sont pas entièrement élucidées.

Deux pathogènes non-identifiés ont aussi été notés sur les larves de la mineuse. Les taux de mortalité des larves de la mineuse dûs à ces deux pathogènes en combinaison ont atteint 30% dans le cas d'une des générations étudiées. Au total, les ennemis naturels en Inde péninsulaire provoquent une mortalité de 95% des larves de la mineuse.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru P.O., 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India

    T. G. Shanower, J. A. Wightman & G. V. Ranga Rao

  2. Division of Biological Control, University of California, 1050 San Pablo Ave., 94706, CA, USA

    A. P. Gutierrez

Authors
  1. T. G. Shanower
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  2. J. A. Wightman
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  3. A. P. Gutierrez
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  4. G. V. Ranga Rao
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Shanower, T.G., Wightman, J.A., Gutierrez, A.P. et al. Larval parasitoids and pathogens of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Lep.: Gelechiidae), in India. Entomophaga 37, 419–427 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373115

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373115

Key-Words

  • Aproaerema modicella
  • parasitoid
  • pathogen
  • groundnut
  • India

Mots Clés

  • Aproaerema modicella
  • parasitoïde
  • pathogène
  • arachide
  • Inde

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