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Response of adult parasitoids ofBemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) to leaf residues of selected cotton insecticides

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Abstract

The contact toxicity of eight insecticides to adults of four parasitoids of the sweetpotato whiteflyBemisia tabaci was evaluated in the laboratory. Two common Texas species,Eretmocerus sp. andEncarsia pergandiella Howard, and two exotic species,Eretmocerus mundus Mercet from Spain andEncarsia formosa Gahan from Greece were tested. Insecticides, applied as sprays to greenhouse-grown cotton plants at recommended rates were amitraz (Ovasyn®), azinphosmethyl (Guthion®), bifenthrin (Capture®), buprofezin (Applaud®), cypermethrin (Ammo®), methyl parathion and thiodicarb (Larvin®), with a water control. Parasitoid adults were confined on discs cut from leaves (1) sprayed the same day and (2) sprayed two days previously. Survival in both treatments was measured two and four days following exposure. Significant differences in toxicity were detected among the insecticides. Buprofezin was not toxic to any of the four parasitoids. When caged on leaves sprayed two days previously, only amitraz of the remaining compounds allowed significant general parasitoid survival after two days.E. mundus exhibited the greatest overall tolerance to insecticides, with 40% or more surviving 48 hr after confinement on leaves sprayed with amitraz, thiodicarb and cypermethrin. Survival was generally much reduced after 96 hr. In a separate test, fresh residues of endosulfan (Thiodan®) were highly toxic at the two rates tested, but two day old residues at the lower rate allowed 76.7% survival ofE. mundus and 35% survival ofE. pergandiella after 48 hrs.

Résumé

La toxicité par contact de huit insecticides contre des adultes de quatre parasitoïdes deBemisia tabaci a été évaluée au laboratoire. Deux espèces locales,Ertmocerus sp. etEncarsia pergandiella Howard, et deux espèces exotiques,Eretmocerus mundus Mercet originaire d'Espagne etEncarsia formosa Gahan originaire de Grèce ont été testées. Des insecticides ont été pulvérisés aux concentrations recommandées sur cotonnier cultivé en serre. Les insecticides utilisés étaient l'amitraze (Ovasyn), l'azinophosmethyl (Guthion), la bifenthrine (Capture), la buprofézine (Applaud), la cyperméthrine (Ammo), le méthyl parathion et le thiodicarbe (Larvin) avec une pulvérisation d'eau pour les témoins. Les adultes de parasitoïdes ont été placés sur des disques découpés dans les feuilles, (1) pulvérisés le même jour et (2) pulvérisés deux jours auparavant. Deux et quatre jours après le traitement des disques, la survie des parasitoïdes adultes a été mesurée. Des différences significatives de toxicité ont été détectées parmi les insecticides.

La buprofézine n'a eu aucun effet toxique sur les quatre parasitoïdes. L'amitraze a permis une survie significative après deux jours.E. mundus a montré la plus grande tolérance envers les insecticides, avec 40% ou plus de survie, 48 h après avoir été confiné sur les feuilles pulvérisées avec l'amitraze, le thiodicarb, et la cyperméthrine. La survie a été, en général, très réduite après 96 h. Dans un essai à part, les résidus frais d'endosulfan (Thiodan) ont été très toxiques avec les concentrations utilisées, mais les résidus de deux jours d'âge avec une concentration plus faible ont permis une survie de 76,7% deE. mundus et de 35% pourE. pergandiella.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, Subtropical Agricultural Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, Texas, USA

    W. A. Jones

  2. Crop Insects Research Unit, Subtropical Agricultural Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, Texas, USA

    D. A. Wolfenbarger

  3. European Biological Control Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Parc Scientifique, Agropolis, 34397, Montpellier, Cedex France

    A. A. Kirk

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Jones, W.A., Wolfenbarger, D.A. & Kirk, A.A. Response of adult parasitoids ofBemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) to leaf residues of selected cotton insecticides. Entomophaga 40, 153–162 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373064

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