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Interactions between citrus psylla,Trioza erytreae (Hem. Triozidae), and spiders in an unsprayed citrus orchard in the transvaal lowveld

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Abstract

During a two year survey, a total of 3,054 spiders represented by 21 families were sampled in an unsprayed citrus orchard in the Transvaal Lowveld. Numerically the Salticidae was the dominant family (34.4%) followed by the Theridiidae (21.9%), Thomisidae (11.9%), Araneidae (7.9%), Clubionidae (7.0%) and the Tetragnathidae (3.7%). Eighteen species of spiders were observed to prey on citrus psylla,Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), while six species trap nymphs and adults under their retreats and webs. There were significant positive correlations between the weekly psylla populations and the weekly populations of web-building spiders and wandering spiders present one to four weeks later but no significant correlation between the weekly spider populations and the weekly psylla populations present one to five weeks later. This seems to indicate that while spiders are unable to keep citrus psylla populations at acceptable low levels, they may contribute in reducing their numbers.

Résumé

Une étude effectuée sur 2 années dans un verger de Citrus non traité du Lowveld Transvaal a permis de répertorier 3054 araignées appartenant à 21 familles. Sur le plan numérique, la famille la plus importante était celle des Salticidae (34,2%), suivie par les Theridiidae (22,5%), les Thomisidae (11,7%), les Araneidae (8,1%), les Clubionidae (6,9%) et les Tetragnathidae (3,6%).

On a observé une prédation sur le Psylle du Citrus,Trioza erythreae, chez 18 espèces d'araignées alors que 6 espèces capturaient les nymphes et les adultes dans leurs retraites et dans leurs toiles. Il y avait des corrélations positives significatives entre les populations hebdomadaires du psylle et les populations hebdomadaires d'araignées qui tissent des toiles ou qui chassent en se déplaçant, présentes 1 à 4 semaines plus tard. Par contre, il n'a pas été trouvé une corrélation significative entre les populations hebdomadaires d'araignées et les populations hebdomadaires de psylles présentes 1 à 5 semaines plus tard.

Ces résultats semblent indiquer que si les araignées sont incapables de maintenir les populations de psylles des Citrus à des niveaux acceptables, elles contribuent toutefois à réduire leur nombre.

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van den Berg, M.A., Dippenaar-Shoeman, A.S., Deacon, V.E. et al. Interactions between citrus psylla,Trioza erytreae (Hem. Triozidae), and spiders in an unsprayed citrus orchard in the transvaal lowveld. Entomophaga 37, 599–608 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372330

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372330

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