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Cross-infectivity and activation studies with four baculoviruses

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Abstract

The NPVs of 3Spodoptera species and 1Heliothis species were bioassay tested for cross-infectivity. The progeny virus from the test insects was purified and examined by specific identification criteria. This demonstrated that activation of virus was much more common than cross-infection. Stress experiments using chemicals and varying environmental conditions failed to activate any virus in the stock insect cultures. Experiments were designed to test for possible mixed inoculum virus as an explanation of the activation effect but this theory was disproved.

The mechanism of the activation is unexplained but it seems clear that when independent identification techniques are used it can be demonstrated that infecting an insect larva with a NPV from another host can result in death due to infection with the NPV normally associated with that host rather than that used as inoculum. This can occur even though no latent virus can be detected in the insect population by conventional methods.

Résumé

L'infection croisée de 3 espèces deSpodoptera et d'une espèce d'Heliothis par leurs virus à polyèdres nucléaires a été étudiée en essais biologiques. Le virus issu des insectes infectés a été purifié et examiné selon des critères spécifiques d'identification. Cette étude a démontré que le phénomène d'activation d'un virus occulte est beaucoup plus fréquent que l'infection croisée. Des essais de stress par des produits chimiques et des modifications des conditions de milieu n'ont produit aucune activation dans les élevages d'insectes. La théorie expliquant l'effet d'activation par le mélange possible dans l'inoculum de plusieurs virus a été réfutée par ces expériences.

Le mécanisme de l'activation est inexpliqué, mais il paraît clair que l'emploid de techniques indépendantes d'identification permet de démontrer que la contamination d'une larve d'insecte par un virus provenant d'un autre hôte provoque une mortalité due à l'infection par le virus normalement associé avec l'espèce étudiée et non pas par celui utilisé comme inoculum. Ce phénomène peut se produire même si les méthodes classiques ne détectent pas de virus occulte dans la population de l'insecte.

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McKinley, D.J., Brown, D.A., Payne, C.C. et al. Cross-infectivity and activation studies with four baculoviruses. Entomophaga 26, 79–90 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371836

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