Abstract
Many soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes that are grown in solution cultures are highly sensitive to the combination of both salinity and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the substrate. This effect has been observed on numerous occasions on plants grown in a saline medium that contained a substantial amount of Ca (i.e., CaCl2/NaCl=0.5 on a molar basis). Because Ca is important in regulating ion transport and membrane permeability, solution culture experiments were designed to examine the effects of various concentrations of Pi and ratios of CaCl2/NaCl (0 to 0.5 on a molar basis) at a constant osmotic potential (−0.34 MPa) on this adverse interaction. Four soybean cultivars (‘Lee’, ‘Lee 74’ ‘Clark’ and ‘Clark 63’) were tested.
No adverse salinity x Pi interaction was found on Lee at any ratio and leaf P and Cl were maintained below 300 and 200 mmol kg−1 dry wt, respectively. Clark, Clark 63 and Lee 74 soybean plants, on the other hand, were severely injured by solution salinity (−0.34 MPa osmotic potential) when substrate Pi was ≥0.12 mM. Reduced substrate Ca did not intensify the salinity x Pi interaction. On the contrary, the onset of injury was hastened and more severe with increased CaCl2/NaCl ratios in isotonic solutions. Shoot and root growth rates decreased as injury increased. Leaf P concentrations from these cultivars grown in saline solutions with 0.12 mM Pi were excessive (>600 mmol kg−1 dry wt) compared with concentrations commonly found in soybean leaf tissue yet they were independent of the severity of injury. Since leaf Cl increased wiht increased CaCl2/NaCl ratio, we suspect that the severity of foliar injury was related to the combined effects of excessive P and Cl within the tissue. Lee 74, the only injured cultivar examined that excluded Cl from its leaves, was less sensitive than either Clark cultivar and its injury was characteristically different. Other ion interactions were reported that may have played a role in injury susceptibility.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel G H 1969 Inheritance of the capacity for chloride inclusion and chloride exclusion by soybeans. Crop Sci. 9, 697–698.
Abel G H and MacKenzie A J 1964 Salt tolerance of soybean varieties (Glycine max L. Merrill) during germination and later growth. Crop Sci. 4, 157–161.
Bartlett G H 1959 Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. J. Biol. Chem. 234, 466–468.
Caviness C E, Riggs R D and Walters H J 1975 Registration of Lee 74 soybean (Reg. No. 106). Crop Sci. 15, 100.
Clark R B 1983 Plant genotype differences in the uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of mineral elements required for plant growth. Plant and Soil 72, 175–196.
Cotlove E 1963 Determination of true chloride content of biological fluids and tissues. II. Analysis by simple nonisotopic methods. Anal. Chem. 35, 101–105.
Fiske C H and Subbarow Y 1925 The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J. Biol. Chem. 66, 375–400.
Grattan S R and Maas E V 1984 Interactive effects of salinity and substrate phosphate on soybean. Agron. J. 76, 668–676.
Grattan S R and Maas E V 1985 Root control of leaf phosphorus and chlorine accumulation in soybean under salinity stress. Agron. J. 77, 890–895.
Greenway H and Munns R 1980 Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31, 149–190.
Howell R W and Bernard R L 1961 Phosphorus response of soybean varieties. Crop Sci. 1, 311–313.
Kitson R E and Mellon M G 1944 Colorimetric determination of phosphorus as molybdovanado-phosphoric acid. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 16 379–383.
Läuchli A and Wieneke J 1979 Studies on growth and distribution of Na, K, and Cl in soybean varieties differing in salt tolerance. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 142, 3–13.
Leggett J E and Egli D B 1977 Ion accumulation by crop plants. 2–33, In Physiological Aspects of Crop Nutrition and Resistance, Ed. U S Gupta, Atma Ram, Delhi, India.
Loneragan J F, Grunes D L, Welch R M, Aduayi E A, Tengab A, Lazar V A and Cary E E 1982 Phosphorus accumulation and toxicity in leaves in relation to zinc supply. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46, 345–352.
Millikan C R, Hanger B C and Bjarnason E N 1968 Effect of phosphorus and zinc levels in the substrate on65Zn distribution in subterranean clover and flax. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 21, 619–640.
Nukaya A, Masui M and Ishida A 1982 Salt tolerance of green soybeans as affected by various salinites in sand culture. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50, 487–496.
Paulsen G M and Rotimi O A 1968 Phosphorus-zinc interaction in two soybean varieties differing in sensitivity to phosporus nutrition. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32, 73–76.
Roeb G W, Wieneke J and Führ F 1982. Effect of high NaCl concentration in the nutrient medium on transpiration, abscisic acid, cytokinin and proline content of two soybean varieties. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 145, 103–116.
Sheere S M, Memon K S and Khanzada A N 1974 Effect of salinity on the growth and mineral uptake in soybeans (Glycine). Pakistan J. Sci., Ind. Res 17, 148–151.
Shive J M 1918 Toxicity of monobasic phosphate towards soybeans grown in soil and solution cultures. Soil Sci. 5, 87–122.
Wieneke J and Läuchli A 1979 Short-term studies on the uptake and transport of Cl by soybean cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 142, 799–814.
Wieneke J and Läuchli A. 1980 Effect of salt stress on distribution of Na and some other cations in two soybean varieties differing in salt tolerance. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 143, 55–67.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grattan, S.R., Maas, E.V. Effect of salinity on phosphate accumulation and injury in soybean. Plant Soil 105, 25–32 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371139
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371139