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The influence of wild and cultivatedGramineae andCyperaceae on populations of sugarcane borers and their parasites in North India

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Abstract

Sugarcane borers frequently inhabit wild and semi-cultivated grasses growing in the proximity of cane fields. In India, in view of the year-round cultivation of sugarcane, wild grasses are not necessary for the perpetuation of borer species, but observations indicate that certain borer species migrate from wild or other cultivated grasses to cane, thereby increasing levels of infestation in cane during certain seasons. Parasitism of borer species when present in cane is compared with that in wild or other cultivated grasses.Telenomus spp. amongst egg parasites andApanteles flavipes amongst larval parasites are striking examples of parasites which show preference for the same borer species when they occur on wild hosts than on cane, as indicated by the degrees of parasitism.

It is concluded that though wild grasses do not as a rule constitute a threat to the cultivation of sugarcane, they could indirectly influence borer populations in cane, parasitism of borers and consequently the extent of damage to cane. This study also reveals thatA. flavipes is highly polyphagous, attacking a number of host species occurring on a wide variety of host plants. Despite its polyphagous nature, it has proved extremely successful againstDiatraea saccharalis in Barbados, which indicates a need for some rethinking on the use of polyphagous natural enemies in biological control programmes.

Résumé

Les foreurs de la canne à sucre vivent souvent dans les herbes sauvages ou semi-cultivées poussant au voisinage des champs de canne. Aux Indes, par suite de la culture de la canne pendant toute l'année, les herbes sauvages ne sont pas nécessaires pour le maintien des foreurs; cependant des observations montrent que certaines expèces migrent vers les cannes à partir des herbes sauvages ou d'autres graminées cultivées de sorte que les taux d'infestation de la canne sont accrus certaines saisons. On a comparé le parasitisme des foreurs dans la canne et dans les herbes sauvages ou cultivées. Parmi les parasites d'œufs,Telenomus sp., et, parmi les parasites des larves,Apanteles flavipes sont des exemples frappants de parasites attaquant de préférence la même espèce de foreur quand elle se trouve dans la végétation spontanée plutôt que dans la canne, d'après les taux de parasitisme.

On en conclut que les herbes sauvages peuvent avoir une influence indirecte sur les populations de foreurs dans les champs de canne, sur l'importance du parasitisme et par suite sur les dégâts. Cette étude montre également queA. flavipes est très polyphage; en dépit de ce caractère il s'est révélé très efficace contreDiatraea saccharalis aux îles Barbades; ce qui amène à repenser l'utilisation des ennemis naturels polyphages en lutte biologique.

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This research has been financed in part by a grant made by the United States Department of Agriculture under PL-480.

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Nagarkatti, S., Nair, K.R. The influence of wild and cultivatedGramineae andCyperaceae on populations of sugarcane borers and their parasites in North India. Entomophaga 18, 419–430 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371019

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