Abstract
Sugarcane borers frequently inhabit wild and semi-cultivated grasses growing in the proximity of cane fields. In India, in view of the year-round cultivation of sugarcane, wild grasses are not necessary for the perpetuation of borer species, but observations indicate that certain borer species migrate from wild or other cultivated grasses to cane, thereby increasing levels of infestation in cane during certain seasons. Parasitism of borer species when present in cane is compared with that in wild or other cultivated grasses.Telenomus spp. amongst egg parasites andApanteles flavipes amongst larval parasites are striking examples of parasites which show preference for the same borer species when they occur on wild hosts than on cane, as indicated by the degrees of parasitism.
It is concluded that though wild grasses do not as a rule constitute a threat to the cultivation of sugarcane, they could indirectly influence borer populations in cane, parasitism of borers and consequently the extent of damage to cane. This study also reveals thatA. flavipes is highly polyphagous, attacking a number of host species occurring on a wide variety of host plants. Despite its polyphagous nature, it has proved extremely successful againstDiatraea saccharalis in Barbados, which indicates a need for some rethinking on the use of polyphagous natural enemies in biological control programmes.
Résumé
Les foreurs de la canne à sucre vivent souvent dans les herbes sauvages ou semi-cultivées poussant au voisinage des champs de canne. Aux Indes, par suite de la culture de la canne pendant toute l'année, les herbes sauvages ne sont pas nécessaires pour le maintien des foreurs; cependant des observations montrent que certaines expèces migrent vers les cannes à partir des herbes sauvages ou d'autres graminées cultivées de sorte que les taux d'infestation de la canne sont accrus certaines saisons. On a comparé le parasitisme des foreurs dans la canne et dans les herbes sauvages ou cultivées. Parmi les parasites d'œufs,Telenomus sp., et, parmi les parasites des larves,Apanteles flavipes sont des exemples frappants de parasites attaquant de préférence la même espèce de foreur quand elle se trouve dans la végétation spontanée plutôt que dans la canne, d'après les taux de parasitisme.
On en conclut que les herbes sauvages peuvent avoir une influence indirecte sur les populations de foreurs dans les champs de canne, sur l'importance du parasitisme et par suite sur les dégâts. Cette étude montre également queA. flavipes est très polyphage; en dépit de ce caractère il s'est révélé très efficace contreDiatraea saccharalis aux îles Barbades; ce qui amène à repenser l'utilisation des ennemis naturels polyphages en lutte biologique.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alam, M. M., Bennett, F. D. &Carl, K. P. — 1971. Biolocal control ofDiatraea saccharalis (F.) in Barbados byApanteles flavipes Cam. andLixophaga diatraeae T. —Entomophaga,16, 151–158.
Avasthy, P. N. — 1969. The top borer of sugarcane,Scirpophaga nivella (F.). In “Pests of Sugarcane”. —Elsevier Publishing Co., pp. 189–205.
Carl, K. C. — 1962. Graminaceous moth borers in West Pakistan. —Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst biol. Control,2, 29–76.
Fletcher, T. B. & Ghosh, C. C. — 1920. Borers in sugarcane, rice, etc. —Proc. 3rd ent. Meeting, Pusa, 1919, 354–417.
Gupta, B. D. — 1953. Resume of work done in India under the Insect Pests Scheme during 1946–47 to 1950–51. —New Delhi Publ. Indian Cent. Sug. Comm., 111 pp.
Gupta, B. D. &Avasthy, P. N. — 1954. The alternate host plants and their role in the propagation of sugarcane pests. —23rd Proc. Sug. Tech. Assoc. of India, Kanpur, Part 2, 147–152.
Gupta, B. D. &Kulshreshtha, D. P. — 1957. Control of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) an alternate host of sugarcane stalk borer,Chilotraea auricilia Dudg. —Indian Inst. of Sug. Res., Lucknow, Newsletter3, 1–2.
Haines, H. H. — 1961. Botany of Bihar and Orissa. —Botanical survey of India, Calcutta,3, 825–1372.
Jepson, W. F. — 1954. A critical review of the world literature on the lepidopterous stalk borers of tropical graminaceous crops. —Commonw. Inst. Ent., London, 127 pp.
Mungomery, R. W. — 1927. Report of the Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Queensland, 1927 24–27.
Myers, J. G. — 1932. The original habitat and hosts of three major sugarcane pests of tropical America [Diatraea, Castnia andTomaspis]. —Bull. ent. Res.,23, 257–271.
Ramachandran Nair, K., Prakash, Satya & Nagarkatti, Sudha. — 1971. A consolidated list of wild and cultivated grasses [Gramineae andCyperaceae. attacked by sugarcane borers in North India. —Proc. 14th Congr. intern. Soc. Sug. Cane Tech., Louisiana (in press).
Rao, V. P. &Nagarkatti, Sudha — 1971. Can sugarcane borers in India be controlled by indigenous parasites? —Indian Sugar,21, 219–223.
Simmonds, F. J. — 1969. Biological control of sugarcane pests: a general survey. In “Pests of Sugarcane”. —Elsevier Publishing Co, pp. 461–476.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This research has been financed in part by a grant made by the United States Department of Agriculture under PL-480.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nagarkatti, S., Nair, K.R. The influence of wild and cultivatedGramineae andCyperaceae on populations of sugarcane borers and their parasites in North India. Entomophaga 18, 419–430 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371019
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371019