Summary
Ion uptake by dry bean root systems was examined during a three day treatment period. Three aeration treatments were applied to split root systems where both halves were aerated, both halves were nonaerated and one half aerated and the remaining half nonaerated (localized anoxia). Ion absorption was similar for the aerated control and localized anoxia treatments. The nonaerated control absorbed 2, 40, and 60 percent of the aerated control for K+, Ca++, and NO3 −, respectively. Ion absorption by stressed plants appeared to increase directly with root growth in the aerated portions of the localized anoxia treatments. Localized anoxia resulted in greater potassium ion uptake per unit root weight and in greater root respiration rates of the aerated half of the Pinto III cultivar root system. Transpiration rates of Seafarer subjected to localized anoxia were 135% of the aerated control. The additional water use may have contributed to greater ion uptake, by mass flow, in the nonaerated portion of the localized anoxia treatment. Nutrient solutions of the nonaerated controls became more alkaline during stress than did the nonaerated portions of the localized anoxia treatments, indicating a possible direct or indirect effect of the aerated portions of the localized anoxia treatments on the corresponding nonaerated half. Compensation in ion uptake by dry bean roots subjected to localized anoxia appeared to be the result of increased root growth, greater respiration rates, greater transpiration rates and, for Pinto III, an increase in the ion uptake rate per unit root weight. This compensatory uptake of water and nutrients by the root system may be one mechanism by which roots overcome localized stress within a soil profile.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bowling D H F 1976 Uptake of Ions by Plant Roots. pp 207. Chapman and Hall, London.
Cannell R Q and Jackson M B 1981 Alleviating aeration stresses. pp 141–192.In Modifying the Root Environment to reduce Crop Stress. Eds. G F Arkin and H M Taylor. ASAE, ST. Joseph, Michigan.
Cheeseman J M and Hanson J B 1979 Energy-linked potassium influx as related to cell potential in corn roots. Plant Physiol. 64, 842–846.
Claassen N and Barber S A 1977 Potassium influx characteristics of corn roots and interaction with N, P, Ca, and Mg influx. Agron. J. 69, 860–864.
De Datta S C 1985 Simultaneous and intermittent measurement of K, Ca and NO3/− ion absorption by intake bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in aerobic and anaerobic condition. Plant and Soil 84, 193–199.
Drew M C and Saker L R 1978 Nutrient supply and the growth of the survival root system in barley. III. Compensatory increases in growth of lateral roots, and in rates of phosphate uptake, in response to localized supply of phosphate. J. Exp. Bot. 29, 435–451
Drew M C, Saker L R and Ashley T W 1973 Nutrient supply and the growth of the seminal root system in barley. I. The effect of nitrate concentration on the growth of axes and laterals. J. Exp. Bot. 24, 1129–1202.
Hackett C 1972 A method of applying nutrients locally to roots under controlled conditions and some morhological effects of locally applied nitrate on the branching of wheat roots. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 25, 1169–1180
Hammond L C, Allaway W H and Loomis W E 1955 Effects of oxygen and carbon levels upon absorption of potassium by plants. Plant Physiol. 30, 155–161.
Hoagland D R and Arnon D I 1950 The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circular, 347 (Revised).
Hopkins H T, Specht A W and Hendricks S B 1950 Growth and nutrient accumulation as controlled by oxygen supply to plant roots. Plant Physiol. 25, 193–209
Jackson M B 1979 Rapid injury to peas by soil water-logging. J. Sci. Food Agric. 30, 143–152.
Keltjens W G 1981 Absorption and transport of nutrient cations and anions in maize roots. Plant and Soil 63, 39–47.
Lee R B 1978 Inorganic nitrogen metabolism in barley roots under poorly aerated conditions. J. Exp. Bot. 29, 693–708.
Loughman B C 1981 Metabolic aspects of the transport of ions by cells and tissue of roots. Plant and Soil 63, 47–57.
Luttge U and Higinbotham N 1979 Transport in Plants. pp. 204–234. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Nielsen F N 1979 Plant factors determining the efficiency of nutrient uptake from soils. Acta Agr. Scand. 29, 81–85.
Schumacher T E and Smucker A J M 1984 Localized anoxia effects on root growth ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. J. Exp. Bot. 35, 1039-d1047.
Schumacher T E and Smucker A J M 1985 Carbon transport and root respiration ofPhaseolus vulgaris subjected to short term localized anoxia. Plant Physiol. 78, 359–364.
Schumacher T E, Smucker A J M, Eshel A and Currie B 1983 A staining technique for measurement of short term root growth. Crop Science 23, 1212–1214.
Smucker A J M, Knezek B D and Hooper G R 1979 Influence of short-term oxygen stress upon the translocation of zinc in navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).In The Root-Soil Interface, Eds. J L Harley and R Scott Russell. Academic Press, p. 434.
Steward F C, Berry W E and Broyer T C 1936 The absorption and accumulation of solutes by living cells. VIII. The effect of oxygen upon respiration and salt accumulation. Ann. Bot. 50, 345–366.
Stolzy L H and Fluhler H 1978 Measurement and prediction of anaerobiosis in soils. pp. 363–426.In Nitrogen in the Environment. Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil. Vol. 1, Eds. D R Nielsen and J G MacDonald. Academic Press, New York.
Trought M C T and Drew M C 1981 Alleviation of injury to young wheat plants in anaerobic solution cultures in relation to the supply of nitrate and other inorganic nutrients. J. Exp. Bot. 32, 509–523.
Veen B W 1981 Relation between root respiration and root activity. Plant and Soil 63, 73–77.
Woodford E K and Gregory F G 1948 Preliminary results obtained with an apparatus for the study of salt uptake and root respiration of whole plants. Ann. Bot., 12, 335–370.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schumacher, T.E., Smucker, A.J.M. Ion uptake and respiration of dry bean roots subjected to localized anoxia. Plant Soil 99, 411–422 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02370886
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02370886