Abstract
Left-ventricular dimensions were measured during a complete cardiac cycle from one-plane cineangiograms and used to calculate the circumferential fiber velocity (V CF) and circumferential fiber strain (ε). A velocity-strain (V CF·ε) loop was then constructed for 39 patients. Characteristics of theV CF·ε loop included: peak systolicV CF(+V CF), ε at +V CF (εS), systolic time constant τS, absolute peak diastolicV CF (|−V CF|), ε at |−V CF| (εD), diastolic time constant τD,V CF≤|−V CF|, εD≤εS, and τD≤τS. The first two inequalities combined provided the best criterion of cardiac decompensation. Only 2 of 15 normal patients, 2 of 6 compensated volume overload patients, and 1 of 3 compensated pressure overload patients satisfied the double inequality. However, 6 of 9 decompensated volume overload patients and 5 of 6 congestive cardiomyopathy patients satisfied the double inequality. Physically, this would imply that with depressed cardiac function: +V CF≤|−V CF| due to a reduced ability of the ventricle to actively contract, εD≤εS (and τD≤τS) due to an increased viscoelastic stiffness of the ventricle. TheV CF·ε loop is independent of pressure, making it possible to acquire noninvasively.
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Abbreviations
- %ΔM :
-
Percentage change of minor axis
- l CF :
-
Midwall circumferential fiber length
- M D :
-
Minor axis at end-diastole
- W D :
-
Wall thickness at end-diastole
- ε:
-
Circumferential fiber strain
- εmax :
-
Maximum circumferential fiber strain
- εD :
-
Diastolic circumferential fiber strain at |−V CF|
- εS :
-
Systolic circumferential fiber strain at +V CF
- ΔεD :
-
Change in diastolic strain
- V CF :
-
Circumferential fiber velocity
- +V CF :
-
Peak systolicV CF
- |−V CF|:
-
Absolute value of peak diastolicV CF
- ΔM :
-
Change in minor L.V. circumference
- ΔW :
-
Change in L.V. wall thickness
- τ:
-
Time constant
- τD :
-
Diastolic time constant
- τS :
-
Systolic time constant
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Phillips, C.A. The velocity-strain relationship. Ann Biomed Eng 5, 329–342 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367313
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367313