Beziehungen zwischen Stengel- und Knollenzahl bei der Kartoffel in Abhängigkeit von wichtigen Einflußfaktoren. II. Der Einfluß des Jahres

Zusammenfassung

In sieben Versuchsjahren beeinflusste die jahrestypische Stengelzahl die Zahl der Knollenanlagen pro Pflanze positiv (r=+0,77^*) und der Knollenanlagen pro Stengel in der Tendenz negativ (r= −0,39). Die signifikanten Jahresunterschiede in der Zahl erntefähiger Knollen (>3 cm) pro Pflanze und pro Stengel wurden in gewissem Grade durch die Zahl der angelegten Knollen (r= −0,53 bzw. +0,63), in stärkerem Ausmaß jedoch durch die jahrestypische Reduktionsrate der Knollen bestimmt (r= −0,72 bzw. −0,91^*). Diese war hoch, wenn ein Wechsel von guter Wasserversorgung während der Knollenbildung zu Wassermangelsituationen während der Knollenwachstumsphase erfolgte.

Summary

In seven years of field experiments, there were significant differences in the numbers of stems per plant and the number of harvestable tubers (>3 cm) at maturity, per plant and per stem, averaged for two cultivars and three seed treatments (Table 1). There was only a weakly positive correlation between the typical stem number for each year and the number of harvestable tubers per plant (r= +0.2, Table 2), whilst the correlation with the number of tubers initiated was much closer (r= +0.77^*, Table 2). The negative influence of number of stems on number of tubers per stem is shown byr= −0.39 and −0.47 (Table 2). Identical stem populations in the wet, cold spring of 1987, and the warm, dry season of 1983 initiated fewer tubers per stem than in 1989 with its average temperatures and modest precipitation (Table 1). Tuber set per plant and per stem correlated positively with the number of harvested tubers per plant and per stem (r= +0.53 and +0.63) and accounted for some of the yearly variation. A much stronger effect on the number of harvestable tubers came from the annual reduction of tubers (r= −0.72 and −0.91^*, Table 2). This was high if the availability of water deteriorated in the period of growth succeeding tuber formation (Table 1, Fig. 1). The same applied to the seed treatments planted at different stages of development. Tuber development occurred earlier with chitted seed, often at times when there was an adequate water supply. A large number of tubers were initiated and these were in large part reduced in the short dry spells which followed (Figs 2 and 4). Irrigation programmes must take account of this relationship.