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Effects of exogenous applications of cytokinin on the development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cuttings

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Summary

Application of 6-benzylaminopurine or its riboside to potato cuttings on four successive days was very effective if the treatment started on day 4 after cutting. These cytokinis caused cuttings that were well induced to express a lower level of induction than they actually had received. There was a shift from sessile tuberization of the central bud to non-sessile tuberization of the central bud or to tuberization of ancillary buds, or a shift from ancillary-bud tuberization to swollen shoots. Effects were largest after a moderate induction. If rooting occurred, cytokinin reduced the proportion of rooted cuttings significantly. Cytokinin increased the levels of fructose and glucose in the tubers if it was applied after day 3. Dry weight of the buds was reduced by cytokinin in those cases where it caused suppression of ancillary-bud development.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden die Einflüsse von 6-Benzylaminopyrin (BAP) oder seines Ribosids (BAPR) auf die Entwicklung der Achselknospen von subapikalen Kartoffelstecklingen untersucht.

Die Achselknospen (Haupt- und Nebenknospen) entwickleten sich zu verschiedenen Formen, bedingt durch den Induktionsgrad derjenigen Kartoffelpflanzen, von denen die Stecklinge stammten oder bedingt durch die Cytokininbehandlung (Abb. 1). Am wirkungsvollsten war die Anwendung von BAP an 4 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen, wenn die Behandlung am Tag 4 nach dem Schneiden begann (Exp. 1).

Nur 18% der an den Tagen 4–7 behandelten Stecklinge bildeten sessile Knollen, während die Kontrolle sowie frühere und späte Behandlungen zu fast vollständiger Bildung sessiler Knollen führten (Abb. 2). Die meisten der an den Tagen 4–7 behandelten Stecklinge bildeten stattdessen nicht-sessile Knollen. Die BAP-Anwendung an den Tagen 0–3 nach dem Schneiden verzögerte den Wachstumsbeginn, obgleich sie letztlich der Prozentsatz der Bildung sessiler Knollen nicht beeinflusste (Tabelle 1, Abb. 2).

Alle BAP-Behandlungen bewirkten einen Anstieg der Zuckekonzentrationen in den Knollen (Tabelle 2). Dies weist darauf hin, dass Cytokinin die Reife verzögerte, wenn auch das Knospenwachstum dadurch nicht beeinflusst wurde. In drei weiteren Versuchen wurden Stecklinge von Pflanzen, die 3, 6 bzw. 10 mal Langnacht-Bedingungen erhielten, an den Tagen 4–7 nach dem Schneiden mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen BAPR behandelt. Nach dreimaliger Langnacht bildeten alle Stecklinge belaubte Sprosse, unabhängig von der BAPR-Konzentration (Abb. 3a). Nach sechsmaliger Langnacht riefen hohe BAPR-Konzentrationen geschwollene, aufrechtstehende Sprosse hervor, gleichzeitig wurde die Bildung von Knollen durch die Nebenknospen verhindert (Abbildungen 3a+3b). Nach 10-maligen Langnacht-Bedingungen bewirkte BAPR einen Wechsel in der Bildung von 100% sessiler Knollen zur Bildung einer Mischung aus sessilen Knollen, nicht-sessilen Knollen, Stolonen und belaubten Sprossen (vgl. Exp. 1). Diese Wirkungen zeigten sich auch an der Knospengrösse (Tabelle 3). Die Wurzelbildung (geschieht normalerweise nur nach geringer Induktion) wurde durch BAPR, besonders in höheren Konzentrationen, unterdrückt (Abb. 4).

Die Wirkungen dieser superoptimalen BAP(R)-Konzentrationen entsprachen denjenigen des Gibberellins, indem sie Stecklinge dazu führten einen geringen Induktionsgrad auf zu weisen.

Résumé

Les effets de 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) ou de son riboside (BAPR) sur le développement de bourgeons axillaires issus de boutures subapicales de pommes de terre ont été analysés. Les bourgeons axillaires (centraux et accessoires) donnent différentes structures selon le niveau d'induction des plantes sur lesquelles les boutures ont été prélevées ou selon le traitement á base de cytokinine (fig. 1).

L'application de BAP répétée sur quatre jours consécutifs est la plus efficace si le traitement commence quatre jours après prélèvement des boutures (exp. 1). 18% seulement des boutures traitées entre le 4ème et 7ème jour donnent des tubercules sessiles alors que le témoin et les applications plus précoces et plus tardives aboutissent à une tubérisation sessile presque complète (fig. 2).

La plupart des boutures traitée entre le 4éme et le 7ème jour donnent naissance à des tubercules non sessiles. L'application de BAP durant les 3 premiers jours après prél`evement des boutures, retarde le départ de la croissance bien qu'il n'affecte pas le pourcentage final de tubérisation sessile (tableau 1, fig. 2). Tous les traitements avec BAP induisent une augmentation des concentrations en sucres dans les tubercules (tableau 2). Cela suggère que la cytokinine retarde la maturation, même lorsque la croissance des bourgeons n'est pas modifiée.

Dans trois autres expérimentations, des boutures provenant de plantes ayant eu 3, 6 ou 10 nuits de longue durée, sont traitées à différentes concentrations de BAPR entre le 4ème et le 7ème jour après prélèvement. Après 3 nuits de longue durée, toutes les boutures produisent des tiges feuillées, indépendamment de la concentration de BAPR (fig. 3a). Après 6 nuits de longue durée, les fortes concentrations provoquent la formation de tiges renflées et droites tout en empêchant la formation de tubercules par les bourgeons accessoires (fig. 3a+3b). Après 10 nuits de longue durée, le BAPR provoque, au lieu de 100% de tubérisation sessile, un mélange de tubercules sessiles et non sessiles, des stolons et des tiges feuillées (cf. exp. 1). Ces effets se manifestent également au niveau de la taille des bourgeons (tableau 3).

BAPR, spécialement à fortes concentrations (fig. 4), diminue l'enracinement (celuici ayant lieu en général après une induction faible).

Les effets de concentration au-dessus de l'optimum de BAP(R) sont proches des effets des gibberellines; ils conduisent les boutures à un plus faible niveau d'induction.

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Author notes

  1. J. J. McGrady

    Present address: , 0249 East road 9 N, 81125, Center, CO, USA

  2. P. C. Struik

    Present address: Department of Field Crops and Grassland Science, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Vegetable Crops, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, N.Y., USA

    J. J. McGrady, P. C. Struik & E. E. Ewing

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  2. P. C. Struik
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  3. E. E. Ewing
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Paper No 836, Department of Vegetable Crops, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, USA.

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McGrady, J.J., Struik, P.C. & Ewing, E.E. Effects of exogenous applications of cytokinin on the development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cuttings. Potato Res 29, 191–205 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02357650

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