Skip to main content

Effect of age of fattening and body condition of draught oxen fed teff straw (Eragrostis teff) based diets

Summary

Twenty-four Ethiopian Highland Zebu (Bos indicus) oxen were allocated to 6 groups of 4 animals each on the basis of liveweight, age and body condition according to a completely randomised block design. The animals were group-fed an experimental diet consisting of (g/kg) 551 g concentrate and 449 g teff straw, at the rate of 2·5 kg per 100 kg of liverweight for 18 weeks. They were weighed and condition scored weekly. Feeding levels were adjusted weekly. The daily liveweight gain of each animal was estimated using regression analysis and changes in condition score evaluated.

Age significantly affected the liveweight gains and body condition score changes of the oxen. There was a significant (P<0·001) linear effect of age on average liveweight gain. The average daily gains were 0·62, 0·51 and 0·41 kg/day for animals aged 4 to 5, 7 to 8 and 10 to 11 years respectively. Age exhibited a significant (P<0·05) quadratic effect on body condition changes.

The results are discussed in terms of benefits from traction and fattening and farm system implications of fattening younger animals for reproduction and improved feeding.

Résumé

Vingt quatre zébus (Bos indicus) de race “Ethiopian Highlands” ont été répartis selon le poids vif. l'âge et la condition physique, en six groupes de quatre animaux chacun et selon un plan de distribution choisi au hasard. Chaque lot a recu une ration expérimentale comprenant 551 g de concentré et 449 g de paille de teff, au taux de 2,5kg/100kg de poids vif durant 18 semaines. Leur poids et leur condition ont été relevés chaque semaine, et les niveaux de leur ration ajustés. Le qain moyen quotidien (GMQ) de poids vif pour chaque animal a été estimé par l'analyse de régression et les changements des relevés de condition physique ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation. L'âge a joué un rôle significatif sur les gains de poids vif et les indices de condition physique des boeufs. On a éqalement noté une incidence linéaire (pourP<0,001) de l'âge sur le GMQ de poids vif. Les GMQ ont été de 0,62, 0,51, et 0,41 kg/jour pour les animaux âgés, respectivement, de 4 à 5 ans, 7 à 8 ans et 10 à 11 ans. L'áge a montré un effet significatif deP<0,05) sur les changements de condition physique. Les resultats sont discutés en termes de profits sur la base des implications en matière de traction, d'engraissement et de conduite des élevages de jeunes animaux à l'embouche en vue de la reproduction et de l'amélioration nutritionnelle.

Resumen

Se formaron seis grupos de cuatro animales cada uno, de bueyes Cebú (Bos indicus), en un diseño de bloques al azar, con base en el peso vivo, edad y condición corporal. La dieta consistió de (g/kg) 551 g de concentrados y 449 g de paja de teff, a una tasa de 2·5kg/100kg de peso vivo, durante 18 semanas. Los pesajes se efectuaron semanalmente y la condición corporal fue también evaluada cada semana. Los niveles de la dieta se ajustaron cada semana. La ganancia de peso diaria se estimó mediante análisis de regresión y los cambios en la condición corporal fue debidamente evaluada.

La edad afectó significativamente la ganancia de peso y la condición corporal de los bueyes. Se encontró un efecto linear significativo (P<0·001) de la edad, sobre el aumento general de peso. Los aumentos diarios de peso promediaron 0·62, 0·51 y 0·41kg/día para animales de 4 a 5, 7 a 8 y de 10 a 11 años, respectivamente. La edad tuvo un efecto cuadrático significativo (P<0·05) sobre la condición corporal. Los resultados se discuten, en términos de los beneficios derivados de la tracción y el engorde y las implicaciones para engordar animales más jóvenes para reproducción, y alimentación mejorada.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

References

  • Allden, W. G. (1970).Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews,40, 1167–1184.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, R. D., Young, N. E. &Laws, D. A. (1985).Animal Production,41, 309–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buxton, D. A. L. (1982).Dairy cattle condition scoring. Farm production and practice. Ministry of agriculture and Fisheries, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Croxton, D. &Stollard, R. J. (1976).Animal Production,22, 146–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, T. G., Riley, M. L., Murdock, W. J. &Field, R. A. (1983).Proceedings of the South African Society of Animal Production,6, 171.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1972).The employment of draught animals in agriculture. FAO, Rome, Italy. p 240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, D. G., Johnson, R. R., Preston, R. L., Dockerty, T. R. &Klosterman, E. W. (1972).Journal of Animal Science,34, 310–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goering, H. K. & Van Soest, P. J. (1970).Agriculture Handbook. US Department of Agriculture No. 379.

  • Gryseels, G. &Anderson, F. M. (1983). Research on farm and livestock productivity in the central Ethiopian highlands: Initial results, 1977–1980. ILCA Research Report No. 4. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILCA (1981). Animal Traction in sub-Saharan Africa. ILCA Bulletin No. 14. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klosterman, E. W., Sanford, L. G. &Parker, C. F. (1968).Journal of Animal Science,27, 242–246.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ledger, H. P. &Sayers, A. R. (1977)Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge,88, 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowman, B. G., Scott, N. A. & Somerville, S. H. (1976). Condition scoring of cattle. The East of Scotland College of Agriculture Bulletin No. 6.

  • MAFF (1981). The Analysis of Agricultural Materials. Tech. Bull. RB427. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNitt, J. I. (1983).Livestock Husbandry Techniques. Granada Publishing Ltd, UK. pp 77–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. H., Hull, J. L., Weitkamp, W. H. &Bonilla, S. E. (1965).Journal of Animal Science,24, 29–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mukassa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). A study of traditional livestock production in Ada district of Ethiopia. Mimeograph, ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, T. C., Short, R. E., Reynolds, W. L. &Urick, J. J. (1985).Journal of Animal Science,60, 363–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, M. J. &Butterworth, M. H. (1986). A guide to condition scoring of zebu cattle. ILCA, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, M. J. &Sayers, A. R. (1987a).Tropical Animal Health and Production,19, 115–120.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, M. J. &Sayers, A. R. (1987b).Tropical Animal Health and Production,19, 127–135.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O'Donovan, P. B., Conway, A. &O'Shea, J. (1972).Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge,78, 87–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Donovan, P. B. (1984).Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews—Series B,54, 389–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS (1987). User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saubidet, C. L. &Verde, L. S. (1976).Animal Production,22, 61–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Soest, P. J. &Robertson, J. B. (1985). A Laboratory Manual for Animal Science 613. Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 202 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, H. K. (1968).Rhodesian Journal of Agricultural Research,6, 93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. R. (1981). Animal Traction. Peace Corps, Information Collection and Exchange, 806 Connecticut Av. NW, Washington, DC 20525. pp 21–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, P. N. &Osbourn, D. F. (1960).Biological Reviews,35, 324–363.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, I. A., Russel, A. J. F. &Hunter, E. A. (1986).Animal Production,43, 211–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, I. A., Russel, A. J. F. &Hunter, E. A. (1987).Animal Production,45, 423–432.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Osuji, P.O., Capper, B. Effect of age of fattening and body condition of draught oxen fed teff straw (Eragrostis teff) based diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 24, 103–108 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02356953

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02356953

Keywords

  • Body Condition
  • Score Change
  • Farm System
  • Experimental Diet
  • Condition Score