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Varietal differences in the response of potatoes to repeated short periods of water stress in hot climates. 1. Turgor maintenance and stomatal behaviour

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Summary

The response of six potato cultivars, Désirée, Up-to-Date, Alpha, Elvira, Spunta and Troubadour, to water stress under high ambient temperatures was investigated. Osmotic regulation in the leaves of all six cultivars was highest in Alpha and the lowest in Troubadour. Concomitantly, Alpha maintained the highest turgor potential under water stress while Troubadour had the lowest values indicating a relationship between the degree of osmotic regulation and maintenance of turgor. The highest stomatal conductance under water stress was exhibited by Désirée while both stressed and non-stressed plants of Up-to-Date had the lowest values. In addition, Up-to-Date had a larger root system than Désirée. The association of these traits with tolerance to short periods of drought in the potato is discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Bei hohen Aussentemperaturen wurden 6 Kartoffelsorten auf ihr Verhalten bei Wassermangel untersucht. Das Wasserpotential der Blätter und deren osmotisches Potential sank 1980 (Abb. 1) während fortschreitenden Mangels bei den Sorten Up-to-Date und Désirée, was auf eine Tendenz zur Regulierung des osmotischen Zustandes hindeutet (Abb. 2). Gleiches konnte 1981 bei 6 geprüften Sorten festgestellt werden (Abb. 3), welche im Ausmass ihrer osmotischen Regulation schwankten (Tab. 1). Sorten mit hohem Grad an osmotischer Regulation zeigten eine bessere Erhaltung des Turgors (Tab. 1, Abb. 4).

Up-to-Date hatte sowohl mit als auch ohne Mangel eine geringere stomatäre Leitfähigkeit als die anderen Sorten (Abb. 5, 6), ferner ein grösseres Wurzelsystem als Désirée (Tab. 2). Dennoch war der Knollenertrag am geringsten, wegen ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegenüber hoher Temperatur.

Es erscheint naheliegend, dass die Kapazitäten zur Bildung und zur Beibehaltung von Knollenwachstum, eines hohen Grades von osmotischer Regulation und Turgorerhaltung und eines ausgedehnten Wurzelsystems wichtige Kriterien für die Auslese von Sorten und Klonen zur Adaption an heisse und trockene Klimabedingungen sind.

Résumé

L'influence de déficit hydrique à des températures ambiantes élévées a été étudiée sur six variétés de pommes de terre. Au niveau des feuilles, les potentiels hydriques et osmotiques ont diminué avec une augmentation du déficit en eau sur les variétés Up-to-Date et Désirée en 1980 (fig. 1); ceci indique une tendance derégulation osmotique (fig. 2) qui a été observée également sur les six variétés testées en 1981 (fig. 3), pour lesquelles le degré de régulation osmotique diffère (tableau 1).

Les variétés à degré élevé de régulation osmotique ont un meilleur maintien de turgescence (tableau 1, fig. 4).

La variété Up-to-Date a une conductance stomatique inférieure à celle des autres variétés, aussi bien en présence qu'en absence d'un déficit en eau de la plante (fig. 5 et 6). Le système racinaire est plus abondant que celui de la variété Désirée (tableau 2) mais le rendement en tubercules est inférieur, étant donné sa sensibilité aux températures élevées.

La capacité d'obtenir et de maintenir un développement des tubercules, le degré élevé de régulation osmotique avec maintien de la turgescence et le système racinaire abondant semblent être des critères importants dans l'évaluation des variétés ou des clones, selon leur aptitude aux climats chauds et secs.

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Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No 295-E, 1981 series. The investigation was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands.

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Levy, D. Varietal differences in the response of potatoes to repeated short periods of water stress in hot climates. 1. Turgor maintenance and stomatal behaviour. Potato Res 26, 303–313 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02356152

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