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Trauma und Schwangerschaft

Trauma in pregnancy

  • 1. Hauptthema/ter thème principal Traumatologie und Schwangerschaft/Traumatologie et grossesse
  • Published:
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The medical care provided to a pregnant trauma patient by a trauma specialist should be supplemented by a careful evaluation of the pregnant woman by an obstetrician. Motor vehicle accidents account for two-thirds of all trauma events during pregnancy, and both blunt abdominal trauma and trauma to the skull are associated with high mortality of the fetus. The severity of the trauma is an important prognostic factor for survival of both mother and fetus. Fetal injury can be caused even by apparently mild forms of maternal trauma. For early diagnosis of an abruptio placentae after blunt trauma to the abdomen, continuous monitoring of the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions is very useful. Monitoring should be continued for at least 4 h, and whenever the frequency of uterine contractions exceeds one per 15 min or tenderness of the abdomen or vaginal bleeding is present, the pregnant trauma patient should be carefully monitored under hospital conditions for at least 24 h. Extensive burns are rarely encountered during pregnancy. There is a direct correlation between the extent of the burns and survival of the fetus. When more 30% of the maternal body surface is affected by burns, fetal mortality exceeds 50%. In the third trimester, when survival chances of the fetus are better than 50%, premature delivery of the fetus should be considered whenever the mother has suffered extensive burns.

Zusammenfassung

Beim Zusammentreffen von Schwangerschaft und Trauma ist neben der ärztlichen Versorgung durch den Traumatologen auch die frühzeitige Hinzuziehung des Geburtshelfers für Gesundheit und Überleben von Mutter und Kind entscheidend. Verkehrsunfälle sind für 2/3 aller Traumen in der Schwangerschaft verantwortlich und insbesondere das stumpfe Bauchtrauma wie auch Schädeltraumen sind mit einer hohen Mortalität des Feten assoziiert. Die Schwere des erlittenen Traumas ist ein wichtiger Prognosefaktor sowohl für das Überleben der Mutter als auch des Kindes. Aber auch scheinbar leichte Traumen, insbesondere wenn es zu Quetschungen des schwangeren Abdomens kommt, können schwerwiegende Folgen für den Feten haben. Für die frühzeitige Diagnose der vorzeitigen Plazentalösung infolge von stumpfem Bauchtrauma hat sich die CTG-Registrierung als besonders hilfreich erwiesen. Diese sollte über mindestens 4 h vorgenommen werden, und bei Nachweis von mehr als 1 Kontraktion/15 min oder aber bei einer Druckdolenz des Abdomens oder einer vaginalen Blutung sollte die Schwangere für eine sorgfältige Beobachtung stationär für mindestens 24 h aufgenommen werden.

Verbrennungen sind seltene Verletzungsursachen während der Schwangerschaft. Es besteht ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Ausma\ der von den Verbrennungen betroffenen Körperoberfläche und dem Überleben des Feten. Bei Beteiligung von mehr als 30% der mütterlichen Körperoberfläche steigt die Mortalität des Feten auf mehr als 50%. Im 3. Trimenon sollte, sobald die Überlebenschancen des Feten mit mehr als 50% beurteilt werden, die Indikation zur Entbindung bei ausgedehnten mütterlichen Verbrennungen nach Stabilisierung des Zustandes der Mutter großzügig gestellt werden.

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Schneider, H. Trauma und Schwangerschaft. Arch Gynecol Obstet 253 (Suppl 1), S4–S14 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02346791

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