Aisen, M. L., Krebs, H. I., Hogan, N., McDowell, F., andVolpe, B. T. (1997): ‘The effect of robot-assisted therapy and rehabilitive training on motor recovery following stroke’,Arch. Neurol.,54, pp. 443–446
Google Scholar
Basmajian, J. V., Gowland, C. A., andFinlayson, M. A. (1987): ‘Stroke treatment: comparison of integrated behavioural-physical therapy vs traditional physical therapy programs’,Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.,68, pp. 267–272
Google Scholar
Burdea, G., Popescu, V., Hentz, V., andGolbert, K. (2000): ‘Virtual reality-based orthopedic telerehabilitation’,IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.,8, pp. 430–432
Article
Google Scholar
Coote, S., Stokes, E. K., Amirabdollahian, F., Loureiro, R., andHarwin, W. (2002): ‘Robot mediated therapy for the upper extremity post stroke’,Irish J. Med. Sci.,170, p. 127
Google Scholar
Coote, S., Stokes, E., Murphy, B., andHarwin, W. (2003): ‘The effect of GENTLE/s robot-mediated therapy on upper extremity dysfunction post stroke’. Proc. 8th ICORR 2003, pp. 59–63
Coote, S., andStokes, E. K. (2003): ‘The GENTLE/s clinical trial: effect of treatment on maximal voluntary isometric contraction’. Proc. 7th Conf. AAATE Dublin, p. 78
Cozens, J. A. (1999): ‘Robotic assistance of an active upper limb exercise in neurologically impaired patients’,IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.,7, pp. 254–256
Article
Google Scholar
Dickstein, R., Hocherman, S., Pillar, T., andShaham, R. (1986): ‘Stroke rehabilitation. Three exercise therapy approaches’,Phys. Ther.,66, pp. 1233–1238
Google Scholar
Fasoli, S. E., Krebs, H. I., Stein, J. S., Frontera, W. R., andHogan, N. (2003): ‘Effects of robotic therapy on motor impairment and recovery in chronic stroke’,Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.,84, pp. 477–482
Article
Google Scholar
Feys, H. M., de Weert, W. J., Selz, B. E., Cox Steck, G. A., Spichiger, R., Vereeck, L. E., Putman, K. D., andVan Hoydonck, G. A. (1998): ‘Effect of a therapeutic intervention for the hemiplegic upper limb in the acute phase after stroke: a single-blind, ramdomized, controlled multicenter trial’,Stroke,29, pp. 785–792
Google Scholar
Harwin, W., Loureiro, R., Amirabdollahian, F., Taylor, M., Johnson, G., Stokes, E., Coote, S., Topping, M., Collin, C.
et al. (2001): ‘The Gentle/s project: a new method for delivering neur-rehabilitation’, in Marincek, C.et al. (Eds.): Assistive technology—added value to the quality of life AAATE'01 (IOS Press, Amsterdam 2001), pp. 36–41
Google Scholar
Hesse, S., Schulte-Tigges, G., Konrad, M., Bardeleben, A., andWerner, C. (2003): ‘Robot-assisted arm trainer for the passive and active practice of bilateral forearm and wrist movements in hemiparetic subjects’,Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.,84, pp. 915–920
Google Scholar
Hogan, N. (1985): ‘Impedance control: An approach to manipulation, Parts I, II, and III’,J. Dynam. Syst., Meas. Control, 107, pp. 1–23
MATH
Google Scholar
Hogan, N., Krebs, H. I., Sharon, A., andCharnnarong, J. (1995): ‘Interactive robotic therapist’. US Patent 5466213
Jack, D., Boian, R., Merians, A. S., Tremaine, M., Burdea, G. C., Adamovich, S. V., Recce, M., andPoizner, H. (2001): ‘Virtual reality-enhanced stroke rehabilitation’,IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehab. Eng.,9, pp. 308–318
Google Scholar
Jezernik, S., Schärer, R., Colombo, G., andMorari, M. (2003): ‘Adaptive robotic rehabilitation of locomotion: a clinical study in spinally injured individuals’,Spinal Cord,41, pp. 657–666
Article
Google Scholar
Krebs, H. I., Hogan, N., Aisen, M. L., andVolpe, B. T. (1998): ‘Robot-aided neurorehabilitation’,IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.,6, pp. 75–87
Article
Google Scholar
Kwakkel, G., Wagenaar, R. C., Koelman, T. W., Lankhorst, G. J., andKoetsier, J. C. (1997): ‘Effects of intensity of rehabilitation after stroke. A research synthesis’,Stroke,28, pp. 1550–1556
Google Scholar
Kwakkel, G., Wagenaar, R. C., Twisk, J. W. R., Lankhorst, G. J., andKoetsier, J. C. (1999): ‘Intensity of leg and arm training after primary middle-cerebral-artery stroke: a randomised trial’,Lancet,35, pp. 191–196
Google Scholar
Kwakkel, G., Kollen, B. J., andWagenaar, R. C. (2002): ‘Long term effects of upper and lower limb training after stroke: a randomised trial’,J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat.,72, pp. 473–479
Google Scholar
Kwee, H., Duimel, J., Smit, J., De Moed, A. T., Van Woerden, J., andKolk, L. V. D. (1998): ‘The manus wheelchair-mounted manipulator: developments toward a production model’. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Assoc. Advancement Rehab. Technol., pp. 460–462
Langhammer, B., andStanghelle, J. K. (2000): ‘Bobarth or motor relearning programme? A comparison of two different approaches of physiotherapy in stroke rehabilitation: a randomised controlled study’,Clin. Rehabil.,14, pp. 361–369
Article
Google Scholar
Leifer, L. (1981): ‘Rehabilitive robotics’,Robot Age, pp. 4–11
Lord, J. P., andHall, K. (1986): ‘Neuromuscular re-education versus traditional programs for stroke rehabilitation’,Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.,14, pp. 88–91
Google Scholar
Lum, P. S., Reinkensmeyer, D. J., andLehman, S. L. (1993): ‘Robotic assist devices for bimanual physical therapy: preliminary experiments’,IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.,1, pp. 185–191
Article
Google Scholar
Lum, P. S., Lehman, S. L., andReinkensmeyer, D. J. (1995): ‘The bimanual lifting rehabilitator: an adaptive machine for therapy of stroke patients’,IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.,3, pp. 166–174
Article
Google Scholar
Lum, P. S., Burgar, C. G., Shor, P. C., Majmundar, M., andvan der Loos, M. (2002): ‘Robot-assisted movement training compared with conventional therapy techniques for the rehabilitation of upper-limb motor function after stroke’,Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.,83, pp. 952–959
Article
Google Scholar
Nef, T., andRiener, R. (2004): ‘Design of the arm rehabilitation robot ARMin’. Internal Report, Automatic Control Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
Platz, T. (2003): ‘Evidenzbasierte Armrehabilitation: Eine systematische Literaturübersicht’,Nervenarzt,74, pp. 841–849
Article
Google Scholar
Popescu, V. G., Burdea, G. C., Bouzit, M., andHentz, V. R. (2000): ‘A virtual-reality-based telerahabilitation system with force feedback’,IEEE Trans. Inform. Technol. Biomed.,4, pp. 45–51
Article
Google Scholar
Reinkensmeyer, D. J., Dewald, J. P., andRymer, W. Z. (1999a): ‘Guidance-based quantification of arm impairment following brain injury: a pilot study’,IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.,7, pp. 1–11
Article
Google Scholar
Reinkensmeyer, D. J., Schmit, B. D., andRymer, W. Z. (1999b): ‘Mechatronic assessment of arm impairment after chronic brain injury’,Technol. Health Care,7, pp. 431–435
Google Scholar
Riener, R., andFuhr, T. (1998): ‘Patient-driven control of FES-supported standing-up: a simulation study’.IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng.,6, pp. 113–124
Article
Google Scholar
Seahak, K., Somsak, W., Masahiro, I., Yasuharu, K., andSato, M. (1998): ‘Personal VR system for rehabilitation to hand movement’. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Artificial Reality and Teleexistence, pp. 102–108
Sunderland, A., Tinson, D. J., Bradley, E. L., Fletcher, D., Langton, H. R., andWade, D. T. (1992): ‘Enhanced physical therapy improves recovery of arm function after stroke. A randomised controlled trial’,J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat.,55, pp. 530–535
Google Scholar
Schleenbaker, R. E., andMainous, A. G. (1993): ‘Electromyographical biofeedback for neuromuscular re-education in the hemiplegic stroke patient: a meta-analysis’,Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.,74, pp. 1301–1304
Article
Google Scholar
Sonde, L., Gip, C., Fernaeus, S. E., Nilsson, C. G., andVitanen, M. (1998): ‘Stimulation with low frequency (1.7 Hz) transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (low-tens) increases motor function of the post-stroke paretic arm’,Scand. J. Rehabil. Med.,30, pp. 95–99
Google Scholar
Taub, E., Miller, N. E., Novack, T. A., Cook, E. W., Fleming, W. C., Nepomuceno, C. S., Connell, J. S., andCrago, J. E. (1993): ‘Technique to improve chronic motor deficit after stroke’,Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab.,74, pp. 347–354
Google Scholar
Van der Linde, R. Q., Lammertse, P., Frederiksen, E., andRuiter, B. (2002): ‘The HapticMaster, a new high-performance haptic interface’. Proc. Eurohaptics, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 1–5
van der Loos, H. F. M., Michalowski, S. J., andLeifer, J. L. (1988): ‘Development of an omnidirectional mobile vocational assistant robot’. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Assoc. Advancement Rehab. Technol., pp. 468–469
Volpe, B. T., Krebs, H. I., Hogan, N., Edelstein, L., Diels, C., andAisen, M. (2000): ‘A novel approach to stroke rehabilitation’,Neurology,54, pp. 1938–1944
Google Scholar
Volpe, B. T., Ferraro, M., Krebs, H. I., andHogan, N. (2002): ‘Robotics in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with stroke’,Curr. Atherosclerosis Reports,4, pp. 270–276
Google Scholar
Wagenaar, R. C., Meijer, O. G., van Wieringen, P. C., Kuik, D. J., Hazenberg, G. J., Lindeboom, J., Wichers, F., andRuswijk, H. (1990): ‘The functional recovery of stroke: a comparison between neuro-developmental treatment and the Brunnstrom method’,Scand. J. Rehabil. Med.,22, pp. 1–8
Google Scholar
Zinn, M., Roth, B., Khatib, O., andSalisbury, J. K. (2004): ‘A new actuation approach for human friendly robot design’,Int. J. Robot. Res.,23, pp. 379–398
Article
Google Scholar