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Anatomy and relationships of petrified seed cones of the Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Sciadopityaceae

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Abstract

Morphological features and the affinities of petrified seed cones of the Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, and Sciadopityaceae are reevaluated. TheCunninghamia-like plants are the earliest record of the families.Parataiwania explains the divergence ofTaiwania from aCunninghamia-like ancestral form by loss of ovuliferous scale and sclerenchyma.Sequoia-like allies probably diverged from a Cretaceous transitional plant likeYezosequoia and are most diversified in the Late Cretaceous.Yubaristrobus andArchicupressus suggest monophyly ofTaxodium and its allied genera of the Taxodiaceae and the Cupressaceae. The Cupressaceae may be derived from a taxodiaceous plant with orthotropous seeds, acquiring a reniform arrangement of the vascular bundles of the bract-scale complex, decussate or whorled phyllotaxis, and spherical cones consisting of a small number of bract-scale complexes. The Cretaceous fossils of the Sciadopityaceae suggest the ancient origin of the family.

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  1. Laboratory of Phylogenetic Botany, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, 263, Chiba, Japan

    Takeshi Ohsawa

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Ohsawa, T. Anatomy and relationships of petrified seed cones of the Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Sciadopityaceae. J. Plant Res. 107, 503–512 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344071

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