Skip to main content
Log in

The pill, the heart and HDL: Facts and fictions

  • Viewpoint
  • Published:
Advances in Contraception

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. VesseyM. P. (1980). Female hormones and vascular disease — An epidemiological overview.Br. J. Fam. Plann. Suppl,6, 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  2. VesseyM. P. (1981). An interim report: a comparison of disease occurrence leading to hospitalization or death in users and nonusers of oral contraceptives. In: Ramcharan S., Pellegrin F. A., Ray R. and Hsu J. P.The Walnut Creek Contraceptive Drug Study: A Prospective Study of the Side Effects of Oral Contraceptives, Vol. 3. (Bethesda, Maryland: Center for Population Research)

    Google Scholar 

  3. LaydeP. and BeralV. (1981). Further analyses of mortality in oral contraceptive users.Lancet,1, 541–546

    Google Scholar 

  4. PetittiD. B., WingerdJ., PellegrinF. and RamcharanS. (1978). Oral contraceptives, smoking and other factors in relation to risk of venous thromboembolic disease.Am. J. Epidemiol.,108, 480–485

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. VesseyM., DollR., PetoR., JohnsonB. and WigginsP. (1976). A long term followup study of women using different methods of contraception: an interim report.J. Biosoc. Sci.,8, 375–427

    Google Scholar 

  6. PorterJ. B., HunterJ. R., DanillsonD. A., JickH. and StergachisA. (1982). Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease — recent experience.Obstet. Gynecol.,59, 299–302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. PorterJ. B., HunterJ. R., JickH. and StergachisA. (1985). Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease.Obstet. Gynecol.,66, 1–4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. GoldzieherJ. W. (1981). Oral contraceptive hazards.Fertil. Steril.,35, 275–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. WisemanR. A. and macroeK. D. (1981). Oral contraceptives and the decline in mortality from circulatory disease.Fertil. Steril.,35, 277–283

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. ShearmanR. P. (1981) Oral contraceptives: where are the excess deaths?Med. J. Aust.,13, 698–700

    Google Scholar 

  11. KierkegaardA. (1985). Deep vein thrombosis and the oestrogen content in oral contraceptives — an epidemiological analysis.Contraception,31, 29–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. MishellD. R. (1982). Noncontraceptive health benefits of oral steroidal contraceptives.Am. J. Obstet Gynecol.,142, 809–816

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. OryH. W. (1982). The noncontraceptive health benefits from oral contraceptive use.Int. Fam. Plann. Perspect.,8, 93–95

    Google Scholar 

  14. HurstW. J., LogueD., SchlantR. and WengerN. K. (1978).Heart, pp. 1094–1362 (New York: McGraw-Hill)

    Google Scholar 

  15. SamsioeG. (1982). Study on effect of 30 μg ethinylestradiol (EE)+150 μg desogestrel on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy volunteers, also in comparison with 30 μg EE+150 μg levonorgestrel.Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. Suppl.,111, 56–60

    Google Scholar 

  16. FotherbyK. (1985). Effect of oral contraceptives on serum lipids and cardiovascular disease.Br. J. Fam. Plann.,11, 86–91

    Google Scholar 

  17. SpellacyW. N., BukiW. C., DinkS. A. and CabalR. (1973). The effect of estrogens, progestogens, oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices on fasting triglycerides and insulin levels.Fertil. Steril.,24, 178–183

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. FotherbyK. (1985). Oral contraceptives, lipids and cardiovascular disease.Contraception,31, 367–394

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. CronaN., SilfverstolpeG. and SamsioeG. (1984). Changes in serum apo-lipoprotein AI and sex-hormone-binding globulin levels after treatment with two different progestins administered alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol.Contraception,29, 261–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. EngelH. J., EngelE. and LichtlenP. (1985). Koronarsklerose und herzinfarkt bei jungen frauen.Munch. Med. Wschr.,127, 415–417

    Google Scholar 

  21. MannJ. I. and InmanW. H. W. (1975). Oral contraceptives and death from myocardial infarction.Br. Med. J.,2, 245–248

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. StadelB. V. (1981). Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease.N. Engl. J. Med.,305, 672–677

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. TsakokF., KohS. and RatnamS. (1980). Effects of oral contraceptives containing 50 μg estrogen on blood coagulation in non-caucasian women.Contraception,21, 505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Larsson-CohnU., FahraensL., WallentinL. and ZadorG. (1981). Lipoprotein changes may be minimized by proper composition of a combined oral contraceptive.Fertil. Steril.,35, 172–179

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. CullbergG., DovreP., LindstedtG. and SteffensenK. (1982). On the use of plasma proteins as indicators of the metabolic effects of combined oral contraceptives.Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. Suppl.,111, 47–54

    Google Scholar 

  26. HammondG. L. (1984). Serum steroid binding protein concentrations, distribution of progestogens and bioavailability of testosterone during treatment with contraceptives containing desogestrel or levonorgestrel.Fertil. Steril.,42, 44–51

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. BerginkE. W., BorglinN. E., KlottrupP. and LiukkoP. (1982). Effects of desogestrel and levonorgestrel in low dose estrogen oral contraceptives on serum lipoproteins.Contraception,25, 477–485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. SamsioeG. (1982). Comparative effects of the oral contraceptive combination 0.150 mg desogestrel +0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol and 0.150 mg levonoregestrel +0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy female volunteers.Contraception,25, 487–504

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bonnar, J. (1983). XI World Congress on Fertility and Sterility, Dublin

  30. HarrisonF. F., BonnarJ. and ThompsonW. (1983). Comparative haemotological effects of new ethinyl oestradiol progestogen combination. In: BriggsM. H. (ed.)Fertility and Sterility, pp. 637–642 (Lancaster: MTP)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rakoczi I., Gy, Gero, Demeter J. and Gati I. (ed.) (1985) Comparative metabolic effects of oral contraceptive preparations containing different progestogens.Arzneim. Forsch/Drug Res.,35, 630–633

  32. KoperaH. and WeijersM. I. (1983). Desogestrel: a new progestogen. In:Oral Contraceptives and Lipoproteins, pp. 64–84 (Geneva. International Health Foundation)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Veterans Administration Cooperative Urological Research Group (1967). Treatment and survival of patients with cancer of the prostrate.Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.,124, 1011

    Google Scholar 

  34. KayC. R. (1984). Present perspective and clinical implications.J. Obstet. Gynecol.,4, 98–102.

    Google Scholar 

  35. MaerzW. et al. (1985). A randomized crossover comparison of two low-dose contraceptives: effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,152, 387–393

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hoppe, G. The pill, the heart and HDL: Facts and fictions. Adv Contracept 2, 405–411 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02340059

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02340059

Navigation