Abstract
This paper calls attention to the methodologies designed to investigate the higher cortical functions in order to elicit signis of encephalopathy in apparently normal conditions. This can be done by testing the blobal hemispheric funcionts or the interhemispheric functional balance. This shows up the clinical sequels that may precede or be the outcome both of transient pathological disorders, such as transient global anemia, migraine, TIAs and subarachnoid hemorrhage without apparent clinical consequences and of nontransient pathological conditions, such as epilepsy, occupational diseases, arterial hypertension and cerebral revascularization.
Sommario
Lo scopo del presente lavoro è di richiamare l’attenzione su metodologie mirate ad indagare le funzioni corticali superiori, in modo di poter evidenziare segni di encefalopatia in condizioni apparentemente normali. In termini operativi ciò si può ottenere testanto le funzioni emisferiche globali o la bilancia funzionale interemisferica. Questo permette di evidenziare le cliniche sequele che possono precedere o essere le conseguenze sia di disordini patologici transitori come l’anemia globale transitoria, l’emicrania, i TIA, le emorragie subaracnoidee senza apparenti conseguenze cliniche sia di patologie non transitorie quali l’epilessia, la patologia occupazionale, l’ipertensione arteriosa, rivascolarizzazione cerebrale.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asken M., Hobbson W.:Intellectual change and carotid endarterectomy, subjective speculation or objective reality: a review. J. Surg. Res. 23: 367–375, 1977.
Blinkov S.M., Moskatova A.K.:Paradoxical decrease of reaction time in focal epilepsy. Cortex 3: 91–198, 1967.
Boller F., Virtunski P.B., Mack J.L., Kim Y.:Neruopsychological correlates of hypertension. Arch. Neurol. 34: 701–705, 1977.
Botta G.C., Cordella M., Mazzucchi A., Ugolotti G., Banchini E.:Insufficienza cerebrovascolare. Indicazioni chirurgiche particolari in pazienti cosiddetti “asintomatici”. Approccio multidisciplinare. Giorn. Chir. 7: 679–682, 1986.
Caffarra P., Moretti G., Mazzucchi A., Parma M.:Neuropsychological testing during a Transient Global Amnesia episode and its follow-up. Acta Neurol. Scand. 63: 44–50, 1981.
Cottaino G., Querui F., Pomes A., Piazza P.:Transient Global Amnesia. Acta Neurol. Scand. 70: 385–390, 1984.
Delaney R.C., Wallace J.D., Egelko S.:Transient cerebral ischemic attacks and neuropsychological deficits. J. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2: 107–114, 1980.
Dull R.A., Brown B.M., Adams K.M., Shatz M.W., Diaz F.G., Ausman J.I.:Preoperative neurobehavioural impairment in cerebral revascularization candidates. J. Clin. Neuropsychol. 4: 151–165, 1982.
Franceschi M., Tancredi O., Smirne S., Marcinelli A., Canal N.:Cognitive processes in hypertension. Hypertension 4: 226–229, 1982.
Gallassi R., Lorusso S., Stracchiari A.:Neuropsychological findings during a transient global amnesia attack and it follow-up. Ital. J. Neurol. Sci. 7: 45–49, 1986.
Gawel M., Connolly G.F., Clifford Rose F.:Migraine patients exhibit abnormalities in the visual evoked potentials. Headache 23: 49–52, 1983.
Gori-Savellini S., Salmons S., Marini M., Lisci L., Sicuteri F.:Memory in headache sufferes. InSavoldi F. and Nappi G. eds. Headache 1979. Proc. 4th Meeting of the Italian Headache Society, Vicenza, 211–279, 1979.
Haynes C.D., Gideon D.A., Kink G.D., Dempsey R.L.:The improvement of cognition and personality after carotid endarterctomy. Surgery 80: 699–704, 1976.
Hemmingsen R., Meijsholm B., Boysen G., Engell H.C.:Intellectual function in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) or minor stroke. Acta Neoruol. Scandinav. 66: 145–159, 1982.
Hooker W.D.:Neuropsychological deficits in common and classic headache. 13th Annual INS Meeting, S. Diego, Feb. 6–9, 1985.
Hunter M., Maccabe J.J., Ettlinger G.:Transfer of training between the hands in a split brain monkey with chronic parietal discharge.Cortex 12: 23–30, 1976.
Kelly M.P., Garron C.D., Javid H.:Carotid artery disease, carotid endarterectomy and behavior. Arch. Neurol. 37: 743–748, 1980.
Jacob L.:Visual allesthesia. Neurology 30: 1059–1063, 1980.
Ljunggren B., Sonesson B., Sveland H., Brandt L.:Cognitive impairment and adjustment in patients without neurological deficits after aneurysmal SAH and early operation. J. Neurosurg. 62: 673–679, 1985.
Matarazzo R., Matarazzo J., Gallo A. et al:Iq and neuropsychological changes following carotid endarterectomy. J. Clin. Neuropsychol. 1: 97–116, 1979.
Mazzucchi A., Moretti G., Caffarra P., Parma M.:The neuropsychological functions in the follow-up of Transient Global Amnesia. Brain 103: 161–178, 1980.
Mazzucchi A., Moretti G., Carpeggiani P., Parma M.:Osservazioni in tema di metodologie neuropsicologiche applicate allo studio delle malattie neurovscaloari Presented to the Meetin “Omeostasi e Senescenza”, Parma 27–28 Ottobre, 1978.
Mazzucchi A., Novarini A., Mutti A., Poletti A., Borghetti A., Parma M.:Anomalie neuropsicologiche nell’ipertensione essenziale. Europ. Rev. Med. Sci. 6: 33–340, 1984.
Mazzucchi A., Visintini D., Magnani G., Cattelani R., Parma M.:Hemispheric prevalence changes in partial epileptic patients on perceptual and attentional tasks. Epilepsia 26: 379–390, 1985.
Mazzucchi A., Parma M., Umiltà C., Visintini D., Zavaroni G.:Visual attention in patients with unilateral lesional or non-lesional epileptic focus. Bool Soc: Ital. Biol. Sperim. 61: 1051–1057, 1985.
Mazzucchi A., Mutti A., Poletti A., Ravanetti C., Novarini A., Parma M.:Neuropsychological deficits in hypertension. Acta Neurol. Scand. 73: 619–627, 1986.
Mazzucchi A., Scoditti U., Uttini G., Parma M., Banchini E., Villani L., Botta G.:Valutazione comparativa delle funzioni cognitive in pazienti affetti da patologia carotidea sintomatica trattati o non con tromboendoarterectomia. Giorn. Chir. 7: 439–443, 1986.
Mazzucchi A., Parma M.:Changes in interhemispherc functional balance in epileptic and migraine patients. Functional Neurology (in press).
Mutti A., Mazzucchi A., Frigeri G., Falzoi M., Arfini G., Franchini I.:Neuropsychological investigation on styrene exposed workers. In Gilioli R. ed. Neurobehavioural Methos in Occupational Health Pergamon Press, Oxford, 271–281, 1983.
Mutti A., Mazzucchi A., Rustichelli P., Frigeri G., Arfini G., Franchini I.:Exposure effect and exposure response relationships between occupational exposure to styrene and neuropsychological function. Am. J. Ind. Med. 5: 275–286, 1984.
Mutti A., Falzoi M., Romanelli A., Franchini I.:Regional alterations of brain catecholamines by styrene exposure in rabbits. Arch. Toxicol. 55: 173–177, 1984.
Mutti A., Vescovi P.P., Falzoi M., Arfini G., Valenti G., Franchini I.:Neuroendocrine effects of styrene on occupationally exposed workers. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 10: 225–228, 1984.
Mutti A., Arfini G., Ferrari M., Mazzucchi A., Posteraro L., Franchini I.:Chronic styrene exposure and brain dysfunction. A longitudinal study. In: Neurobehavioural methos in occupational and environmental health WHO, Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen. Abstracts 136–140, 1985.
Nappi G., Savoldi F.:Headache. Diagnostic system and diagnostic criteria. John Libbey Eurotest, London, 1985.
Nichelli P., Bonito V., Candelise L., Capitani E., Manzoni S., Prencipe M., Sangiovanni G., Sinforiani E., Tuiuti R., Fieschi C.:Three-year neuopsychological follow-up patients wpth reversible ischemic attacks. Ital. J. Neurol. Sci. 7: 443–446, 1986.
Poletti A., Rustichelli P., Sscoditti U., Ruini M., Paini G.P., Mazzucchi A., Parma M.:Studio neuropsicologico di 40 pazienti apparentemente senza anomalie alla convenzionale valutazione clinica dopo intervento per emorragia subaracnoidea. XXV Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Neurochirugia, Pavia, 19 Settembre, 1986.
Posner M.J.:Orienting of attention, Q. J. Exp. Psych. 32: 3–25, 1980.
Puca F.M., Antonacci M., Savarese M., Covelli U., Tarascio G., Ballizzi M., Laniborghese C., Musumeci G.M., Sorrento G.:Memory impairment and painful side. In: Clifford Rose Ed. Migraine. Proc. 5th Int. Migraine Symposium, London, 1–10, 1984.
Romanelli A., Falzoi M., Mutti A., Bergamaschi E., Franchini I.:Effects on some monocyclic aromatic solvents and their metabolites on brain dopamine in rabbits. J. Appl. Toxicol. 1986 (in press).
Ropper A.H., Zervas N.T.:Outcome 1 year after SHA from cerebral aneurysm. Management, morbidity, mortality and functional status in 112 consecutive good-risk patients. J. Neurosurg. 60: 909–915, 1984.
Sinforiani E., Zinelli P., Faglia L., Granella P., Bono G., Agostini C., Manzoni G.C., Mazzucchi A.:Differenze interemisferiche nell’orientamento dell’attenzione in soggetti affetti da emicrania classica con manifestazioni prodromiche e algiche lateralizzate. International Congress on “Migraine and Epilepsia, neurol basis and calcium modulation”, Roma, 29–31 Maggio 1986. G. Neuropsicofarm. Suppl. 2: 45–46, 1986.
Sinforiani E., Farina S., Mancuso A., Manzoni G.C., Bono G., Mazzucchi A.:Analysis of high nervous functions in subjects with migraine and cluster headache. Functional Neurology (in press).
Testa C., Andreoli A., Arista A., et al.:Overall results in 304 consecutive patients with acute spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg. Neurol. 24: 377–385, 1985.
Teissier Du Cross Lhermitte F.:Neuropsychological analysis of ruptured aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery after radical therapy. Surg. Neurol. 22: 353–359, 1984.
Valciukas J.A., Ruth L.:Psychometric techniques in environmental research. Environmental Res. 21: 275–297, 1980.
Wilkie F., Eisdoerfer C.:Intelligence and blood pressure in the aged. Science 172: 959–962, 1971.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parma, M. Neurobehavioral investigation as a tool for revealing preclinical disorders. Ital J Neuro Sci 8, 449–456 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02334601
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02334601