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Stress evaluation in low-modulus and viscoelastic materials using phtoelastic glass inclusions

Magnitude and direction of stress changes in a body can be determined from isochromatic fringe patterns in a hollow glass cylinder cemented around its periphery in a borehole

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Abstract

Stressmeters are gages designed to enable stress changes to be determined without the need to know the elasticity moduli of the body being studied. This paper describes a technique by which the magnitude of the greatest principal stress in a biaxial-stress field can be determined from the isochromatic fringe pattern in a hollow-cylindrical-glass stressmeter. The influence of the moduli and Poisson's ratio of the meter and host material on the sensitivity of the meter are discussed in detail. It is shown that, for a wide range of rock and concrete-like materials, a glass stressmeter will enable the stresses to be determined directly from the meter readings.

Experiments to investigate the behavior of photoelastic stressmeters in host materials which are creeping under stress are described. Results of tests using frozen sand slabs have shown that under uniaxial stress there is little effect of creep on the meter readings until excessive fracturing occurs. There is also close agreement between the theoretical and experimental values for the meter sensitivity when it is assumed that the Poisson's ratio of the host materials falls to 0.5 during creep. When set in such materials the final sensitivity of the meter is also independent of the modulus of the meter provided that creep is continuous.

Experiments are described which show that, in a material which is creeping, the stress can be determined by inserting a stressmeter and measuring the final steady reading.

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Abbreviations

a :

radius of inclusion

b :

radius of central hole

E h, Eg :

Young's moduli of host material and inclusion, r respectively

f :

photoelastic-material fringe value of inclusion

k 1, k3 :

constants defined in Appendix

n :

isochromatic fringe order (white light) at a point in the inclusion

p, q :

greatest and least principal stresses in the plane of the inclusion;p>q and tensile stresses positive

P :

meter sensitivity factor

r :

radius of any point in inclusion

t :

length of inclusion

η:

ratioq/p

θ:

angular displacement relative to greatest principal stress

u h, vg :

Poisson's ratios of host material and inclusion, respectively

References

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Author notes

  1. Ivor Hawkes (Research Mining Engineer)

    Present address: Postgraduate School of Mining, Sheffield University, Sheffield, England

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Research Branch, U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N. H.

    Ivor Hawkes (Research Mining Engineer)

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  1. Ivor Hawkes
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Hawkes, I. Stress evaluation in low-modulus and viscoelastic materials using phtoelastic glass inclusions. Experimental Mechanics 9, 58–66 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02326675

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02326675

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