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On the dynamic elastic limit

A direct experimental method for determining the magnitude of the linear elastic region when metals are subject to high stress rates such as occur in impact or explosive loading

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Abstract

The fact that the elastic limit of some solids increases with increasing stress rate has been qualitatively and semiquantitatively established for many decades. Well known experimental difficulties have impeded reliable quantitative measurements of the magnitude or, in some solids, even the existence of such an increase of the elastic limit with stress rate.

The present paper describes a simple method for accurately measuring the dynamic elastic limit in any solid which has a linear-elastic domain at small strain, including high-strength structural metal alloys. This method has the advantages of laboratory simplicity, a minimum of complex assumptions, and a close parallel with the manner in which the quasistatic elastic limit generally is determined.

Although it is subsidiary to the main focus of this paper, evidence is presented here that a knowledge of the dynamic elastic limit firmly established by experiment, can be of considerable value for subsequent research in the continuum mechanics of solids, particularly with respect to the existence and properties of two distinct yield surfaces during impact loading.

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Abbreviations

V Y :

particle velocity at elastic limit

t c :

time of contact

e :

coefficient of restitution

ν:

particle velocity

V H :

initial velocity of hitter specimen

V o :

maximum particle velocity

L :

length of specimen

σ Y :

elastic limit (inner yield surface)

\(\varrho _o \) :

mass density

E :

bar modulus

c o :

bar wave speed

V f :

final struck specimen velocity

σ:

nominal axial stress

∈:

nominal axial strain

σ:

strain at elastic limit

∈ Y :

measured parabola coefficient

σ N :

outer yield surface

∈ C :

strain at the outer yield surface

K N :

measured constant

C P :

plastic wave speed

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanics, The Johns Hopkins University, 21211, Baltimore, MD

    James F. Bell (Professor)

Authors
  1. James F. Bell
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Bell, J.F. On the dynamic elastic limit. Experimental Mechanics 22, 270–276 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02326392

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02326392

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