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The effect of material properties on the radiation of impact sound from cylinders

The stiffness and damping properties of billet materials are shown to affect radiated energy and spectrum from candiate forge-construction materials

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Abstract

A number of studies have investigated engineering methods of reducing forge-hammer noise by means of enclosure, blow reduction and external application of damping materials. Another alternative, in which parts and units are manufactured from metals with high internal damping, has yet to be fully investigated. In a theoretical and experimental study of sound radiation from cylindrical samples, candidate hammer materials are evaluated for potential reduction of radiated energy and energy spectrum. It is shown that the quantity of radiated sound is strongly dependent on the stiffness and damping properties of the candidate tool-steel, forged-iron and cast-iron samples. The rate of attenuation of sound radiation is also shown to be affected in a predictable manner from the (tabulated) properties of the metals.

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Abbreviations

a :

cylinder length, m

A :

surface area of a spherical surface, m2

B :

constant accounting for losses due to environmental scattering transmission to neighboring elements and absorption at interfaces, dB/s

C 0 :

dilatational-wave velocity, m/s

C 1 :

dilatational-wave velocity corrected for dispersion due to radial inertia, m/s

d :

attenuation rate of sound radiation, dB/s

d cyl :

attenuation rate of sound radiation for impacting cylinders, dB/s

E :

modulus of elasticity, N/m2

n :

mode number for longitudinal vibration

\(\bar p\) :

area-averaged peak-sound pressure, dB

Q z 1 :

internal friction

r :

cylinder radius, m

t :

time constant, s

V 0 :

relative velocity of impact, m/s

α:

dispersive correction factor

ε:

vibrational energy, joules

ε o :

initial kinetic energy of impact, joules

ε r :

total radiated energy, joules

ΔL :

change in sound pressure level, dB

ΔT :

change in time, s

μ:

Poisson's ratio

ϱ:

material density, Kg/m3

τ:

contact duration, s

ψ:

the Love radial-dispersion correction factor

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Mechanics Department, Michigan Technological University, 49931, Houghton, MI

    N. I. Dreiman (Post-doctoral Associate) & H. A. Evensen (Professor of Mechanical Engineering)

  2. Metallurgical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, 49931, Houghton, MI

    A. A. Hendrickson (Professor)

Authors
  1. N. I. Dreiman
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  2. H. A. Evensen
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  3. A. A. Hendrickson
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Dreiman, N.I., Evensen, H.A. & Hendrickson, A.A. The effect of material properties on the radiation of impact sound from cylinders. Experimental Mechanics 19, 331–335 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324154

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324154

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