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Strain-field investigations with plane diffraction gratings

Diffraction phenomena from multiple plane diffraction gratings formed in metal surfaces are used in the examination of strain fields

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Abstract

The development of means for producing small, separate, plane diffraction gratings as integral parts of the surfaces of flat metal specimens has led to modification of the method of Bell and to the investigation of strain fields by study of diffraction phenomena. Choice of a particular diffraction-strain relationship and the use of master gratings in conjunction with diffraction gratings to be used as strain gages permits use of simple optical instrumentation. The diffraction phenomena from multiple gages at the same orientation may be photographed simultaneously during loading for subsequent analysis, and instrumentation in the form employed permits resolving strain increments of magnitude 0.0008 in the range 0.0030 to 0.030.

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Abbreviations

i :

angle, from normal, of incident light, deg

I ng :

image, ofnth order, from specimen or master grating

m :

line density of grating, cm−1

n :

order number of diffracted beam

N :

total number of lines in a grating

Å:

Ångstrom unit, 10−8 cm

ε:

strain

θ n :

angle, from normal, tonth diffracted order, deg

λ:

wavelength of light, cm

Bibliography

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  3. Bell, J. F., “Normal Incidence in the Determination of Large Strain through the Use of Diffraction Gratings,” Proc. 3rd Natl. Congr. Appl. Mech., 489–493 (1958).

  4. Born, M., andWolf, E., “Principles of Optics,”MacMillan, New York (1959).

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  5. Preston, T., “The Theory of Light,”MacMillan, New York (1928).

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  6. Irwin, G. R., “Analysis of Stresses and Strains Near the End of a Crack Traversing a Plate,”Jnl. Appl. Mech.,24,361 (1957).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Mechanics, North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina at Raleigh, USA

    R. A. Douglas (Professor), C. Akkoc (Instructor) & C. E. Pugh (Graduate Fellow)

Authors
  1. R. A. Douglas
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  2. C. Akkoc
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  3. C. E. Pugh
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Douglas, R.A., Akkoc, C. & Pugh, C.E. Strain-field investigations with plane diffraction gratings. Experimental Mechanics 5, 233–238 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02321058

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02321058

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