Abstract
An experimental procedure is described for through-thickness residual-stress determination in Fe−Ni−Cr alloy heat-exchanger tubing. The method involves the installation of a small number of strain gages on either the inner or the outer tube wall. Stress is released by controlled material removal by chemical etching of the opposite tube wall. A calculation procedure based on the Sachs' approach is proposed. The method is applied to the analysis of I-800 straight, as-received or stress-relieved tube specimens. Typical results are presented which indicate that it is possible to obtain an adequate through-thickness residual-stress distribution by combining the results of internally and externally etched tubes.
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Abbreviations
- S y :
-
yield strength
- σθ :
-
circumferential residual stress
- σ z :
-
axial residual stress
- σ r :
-
radial residual stress
- E :
-
Young's modulus
- ν:
-
Poisson's ratio
- N :
-
total number of steps or divisions in the Sachs-Bühler approach
- n :
-
step number in the Sachs-Bühler approach, from the beginning of etching
- ɛθ :
-
total circumferential strain
- ɛ z :
-
total axial strain
- λ:
-
ɛ z +v · ɛθ
- θ:
-
ɛθ +v · ɛ z
- A e :
-
cross-sectional area corresponding to external diameter
- A i :
-
cross-sectional area corresponding to internal diameter
- A 0 :
-
initial cross-sectional area of tube(A 0=Ae−Ai)
- m :
-
step number for internal or external etching
- e :
-
initial thickness of tube
- e m :
-
remaining thickness after etching stepm
- Δe m :
-
variation of thickness during etching stepm
- A m :
-
remaining cross-sectional area after etching stepm
- ΔA m :
-
variation of cross-sectional area during etching stepm
- \(\Delta _{ \in \theta m} \) :
-
variation of circumferential strain during etching stepm
- \(\Delta _{ \in _{zm} } \) :
-
variation of axial strain during etching stepm
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Druez, J., Bazergui, A. Through-thickness measurement of residual stresses in thin tubes. Experimental Mechanics 23, 211–216 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02320412
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02320412