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Through-thickness measurement of residual stresses in thin tubes

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Abstract

An experimental procedure is described for through-thickness residual-stress determination in Fe−Ni−Cr alloy heat-exchanger tubing. The method involves the installation of a small number of strain gages on either the inner or the outer tube wall. Stress is released by controlled material removal by chemical etching of the opposite tube wall. A calculation procedure based on the Sachs' approach is proposed. The method is applied to the analysis of I-800 straight, as-received or stress-relieved tube specimens. Typical results are presented which indicate that it is possible to obtain an adequate through-thickness residual-stress distribution by combining the results of internally and externally etched tubes.

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Abbreviations

S y :

yield strength

σθ :

circumferential residual stress

σ z :

axial residual stress

σ r :

radial residual stress

E :

Young's modulus

ν:

Poisson's ratio

N :

total number of steps or divisions in the Sachs-Bühler approach

n :

step number in the Sachs-Bühler approach, from the beginning of etching

ɛθ :

total circumferential strain

ɛ z :

total axial strain

λ:

ɛ z +v · ɛθ

θ:

ɛθ +v · ɛ z

A e :

cross-sectional area corresponding to external diameter

A i :

cross-sectional area corresponding to internal diameter

A 0 :

initial cross-sectional area of tube(A 0=Ae−Ai)

m :

step number for internal or external etching

e :

initial thickness of tube

e m :

remaining thickness after etching stepm

Δe m :

variation of thickness during etching stepm

A m :

remaining cross-sectional area after etching stepm

ΔA m :

variation of cross-sectional area during etching stepm

\(\Delta _{ \in \theta m} \) :

variation of circumferential strain during etching stepm

\(\Delta _{ \in _{zm} } \) :

variation of axial strain during etching stepm

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Sciences, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada

    J. Druez (Associate Professor)

  2. Ecole Polytechnique, Campus de l'Université de Montreal, H3C 3A7, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    A. Bazergui (Professor)

Authors
  1. J. Druez
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  2. A. Bazergui
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Druez, J., Bazergui, A. Through-thickness measurement of residual stresses in thin tubes. Experimental Mechanics 23, 211–216 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02320412

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02320412

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