Abstract
Although peel stresses are believed to be responsible for failure in many adhesive joint geometries, the measurement of these peel stresses has been elusive. In this work, embedded poly(vinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric sensors were used to measure peel stresses in adhesively bonded joints. Piezoelectric KYNAR® film was etched to produce multi-area stress sensors which were bonded into adhesive joints. Calibration results and results for single-lap and elastomeric butt joints are presented. The elastomeric butt joint was compared to an analytical solution for the bond-normal stresses, and the single-lap joint results were compared to finite-element analysis. Promising features and liminations of this technique are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Stozier, J.K., Ninow, K.J., DeVries, K.L. andAnderson, G.P., “Tensile and Shear Stresses Induced in Adhesive Shear Test Specimens,”J. Adhesion Sci. and Tech.,1,209 (1987).
Anderson, G.P., Bennett, S.J., DeVries, K.L., Analysis and Testing of Adhesive Bonds, Academic Press, New York (1977).
Krieger, R.B., “Fatigue Testing of Adhesive Joints”, Proc. 24th Nat. SAMPE Symp., Book 2, San Francisco, 1102–1125 (1979).
Tuttle, M.E., Barthelemy, B.M., andBrinson, H.F., “Strain Measurement Within a Single-lap Joint Using Embedded Strain Gages”,Exp. Tech.,8,31 (1984).
Post, D., Czarnek, R., Wood, J., Joh, D., and Lubowinski, S., NASA Contractor Rep. 172474 (1984).
Liechti, K.M., “Moire of Crack-Opening Interferometry in Adhesive Fracture Mechanics”Experimental Mechanics,25,255 (1985).
Liechti, K.M., Johnson, W.S. andDillard, D.A., “Experimentally Determined Strength of Adhesively Bonded Joints”,Joining Fibre-Reinforced Plastics, ed. F.L. Matthews, Elsevier Applied Science, London (1987).
Liechti, K.M. andKnauss, W.G., “Crack Propagation at Material Interfaces: I. Experimental Technique to Determine Crack Profiles,”Experimental Mechanics,22,262 (1982).
Liechti, K.M. andKnauss, W.G., “Crack Propagation at Material Interfaces: II. Experiments on Mode Interaction”,Experimental Mechanics,22,383 (1982).
Knauss, W.G., presentation, Center for Adhesion Science Annual Review, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA (1988).
Sharpe, L.H., J. Adhesion,29,1 (1989).
Nye, J.F., Physical Properties of Crystals, Oxford University Press, London, Ch. VII, 110–130 (1957).
Berlincourt, D.A., Curran, D.R., Jaffe, H., “Piezoelectric and Piezomagnetic Materials and their Function in Transducers,”Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods, Vol. I—Part A Academic Press, New York (1964).
Anonymous, KYNAR® Piezo Film Technical Manual, Pennwalt Corp. (1987).
Tashiro, K., Tadokoro, H. andKobayashi, M., “Calculation of Elastic and Piezoelectric Constants of Polymer Crystals by a Point Charge Model: Application to Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Form I”,Ferroelectrics,32,167 (1981).
Chou, S.I. and Ekstrom, R.E., “Interlaminar Stresses in a Multilayered Plate—Theory and Experiment”, Proc. 1986, SEM Spring Conf. on Exp. Mech., SEM 308–512 (1986).
Bloomfield, P.E., Ferren, R.A., Radice, P.F., Stefanou, H., and Sprout, D.S., “Piezo-and Pyroelectricity in poly(vinylidene Fluoride)”, Naval Res. Rev.,31.1 (1978).
Dillard, D.A., Anderson, G.L. andDavis, D.D., Jr., “A Preliminary Study of the Use of KYNAR Piezoelectric Film to Measure Peel Stresses in Adhesive Joints”,J. Adhesion,29,235 (1989).
Anderson, G.L., Dillard, D.A. andWightman, J.P., “Improving Bonding to Piezoelectric Poly(vinylidene fluoride) for Sensor Applications”,J. Adhesion,36,213 (1992).
Sawa, T., Temma, K. andIshikawa, H., “Three-Dimensional Stress Analysis of Adhesive Butt Joints of Solid Cylinders Subject to External Tensile Loads”,J. Adhesion,31,33 (1989).
Schewe, H., “Piezoelectricity of Uniaxially Oriented Polyvinylidene Fluoride”,Proc. 1982 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp.,1,519 (1982).
Goland, M. andReissner, E., “The Stresses in Cemented Joints”,J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME,77,17 (1944).
Gent, A.N. and Meinecke, E.A., “Compression, Bending, and Shear of Bonded Rubber Blocks,” Polymer Eng. and Sci.,10 (1970).
Messner, A.M., “Stress Distributions in Poker Chip Tensile Specimens”,CPIA Publ. No.27, 109 (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anderson, G.L., Robertson, R.C., Peterson, B.L. et al. Embedded piezoelectric sensors to measure peel stresses in adhesive joints. Experimental Mechanics 34, 194–201 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319755
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319755