References
Arab-ogly, E. (1987). Pokoleniia liudei i pokoleniia mashin. [Generations of people and machines]Kommunist [Communist],2, 63–74.
Ardagh, J. (Ed.) (1985).The Penguin Guide to France. New York: Viking Penguin.
Bestuzhev-Lada, I. (1988, 6 February). Ne kto vinovat, a chto delat'?! [Not who's guilty, but what's to be done?!]Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], p. 2.
Bim-bad, B. (1987, 22 December). Shkola novykh informatsionnykh tekhnologii [The new information technologies school].Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], p. 2.
De Lacy, J. (1987, July). France: The sexy computer.The Atlantic Monthly, 260(1), 18–26.
Eastmond, J. (1985, Fall). The computer and I—Paris notebook.Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 33(3), 224–226.
Ershov, A. P., Kushnirenko, A. G., Lebedev, G. B., Semenov, A. L., & Shen', A. Kh. (1988).Osnovy informatiki i vychislitel'noi tekhniki [Fundamentals of informatics and computing technology]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie.
Evrika [Eurika]. (1988, 29 September).Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], pp. 2–3.
Frolova, G. (1987, 24 November). Svidanie s komp'iuterom [Date with a computer].Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], p. 2.
Galkina, V. (1988, 28 April). Eta upriamaia informatika [This persistent informatics].Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], p. 2.
Hebenstreit, J. (1983). The “10,000 microcomputers plan” in France. In J. Megarry et al. (Eds.),World yearbook of education 1982/83: Computers and education, pp. 125–130.
Hebenstreit, J. (1986, Winter). A computer in every school.Abacus, 3(2), 70–71, 80.
Judy, R. W., & Lommel, J. M. (1986). The new Soviet computer literacy campaign.Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 34(2), 108–123.
Kerr, S. T. (1987). Soviet applications of micro-computers in education: Developments in research and practice during the Gorbachev era.Journal of Educational Computing Research, 3(1), 1–17.
Kontseptsiia informatizatsii obrazovaniia [The conception of the information of education]. (1988).Informatika i obrazovanie [Informatics and Education],6, 3–31.
Kravtsova, T. Aisbergi komp'iuterizatsii [The icebergs of computerization]. (1988, 19 January).Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], p. 2.
Kushnirenko, A. Personal communication. September 30, 1988.
Lesnoi, D. (1987, 30 November). Komp'iuter i deti [The computer and children].Pravda, p. 5.
Margvelashvili, I. (1987, 5 December). Ne soperniki mashiny, a druz'ia [Not competitors of machines, but friends].Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], p. 2.
Markham, J. M. (1988, 8 November). “France's Minitel seeks a niche”,New York Times, pp. D1, D4.
Meynard, F. (1989, February). At home and abroad,Bip Bip: Informations et réflexions sur l'informatique en education [Beep Beep: Information and reflections on computers in education], pp. 7–12.
Narodnoe khoziastvo SSSR [National Economy of the USSR]. (1988). Moscow: Statistika.
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). (1988). New telecommunications services. Videotex development strategies: Paris: Author.
Proekt tvorcheskogo soiuza uchitelei (pedagogicheskikh deiatelei) [The Draft: Creative teachers' (pedagogical workers) union]. (1988, 7 April).Uchitel'skaia gazeta [Teachers Gazette], p. 2.
Resta, P. (1989, May). The Soviet Union: Enthusiastic, and fearful, about computers.Electronic Learning, 8(7), 8–10, 60–61.
Rodionov, N. [(1988, 27 January)]. Zavtra budet pozdno [Tomorrow will be too late].Literaturnaia gazeta [Literary Gazette], p. 10.
Semenov, A., & Kushnirenko, A. Personal communication. September and October, 1988.
Szekely, B. B. (1986). The new Soviet education reform.Comparative Education Review, 30(3), 321–343.
Velikhov, E. P. (1986). Novaia informatsionnaia tekhologiia v shkole [The new information technology in the school]. Informatika i obrazovanie [Informatics and Education],1, 18–22.
Weisenbaum, J. (1988, November/December). The computer is a mythconstrued machine.MIT Technology Review, pp. 2–5.
Zinchenko, V. P. (1988). Chelovecheskii intellekt i tekhnokraticheskoe myshlenie [Human intellect and technocratic thinking].Kommunist [Communist],3, 96–104.
Additional information
The authors presented an earlier version of this paper at the AECT Annual Convention, Dallas, TX, February 4, 1989. J. Nicholls Eastmond is at Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-2830 and Stephen T. Kerr, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nicholls Eastmond, J., Kerr, S.T. French and soviet experiments in computer literacy: parallels and contrasts. ETR&D 37, 81–91 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02307725
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02307725