Abstract
Instructional design and development models are sometimes criticized for being unnecessarily complex and for requiring an unrealistic amount of precision. To counter this criticism, some will argue that the complexity and precision are necessary to help ensure a quality instructional product. This article offers a solution to the problem of practicality versus precision by introducing a “layers-of-necessity” model of instructional design and development. By recognizing that instruction evolves over time rather than emerges fully developed, the model offers an alternative means of achieving quality instruction.
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Tessmer, M., Wedman, J.F. A layers-of-necessity instructional development model. ETR&D 38, 77–85 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02298271
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02298271