Skip to main content
Log in

Orthogonal inter-battery factor analysis

  • Published:
Psychometrika Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is the purpose of this paper to present a method of analysis for obtaining (i) inter-battery factors and (ii) battery specific factors for two sets of tests when the complete correlation matrix including communalities is given. In particular, the procedure amounts to constructing an orthogonal transformation such that its application to an orthogonal factor solution of the combined sets of tests results in a factor matrix of a certain desired form. The factors isolated are orthogonal but may be subjected to any suitable final rotation, provided the above classification of factors into (i) and (ii) is preserved. The general coordinate-free solution of the problem is obtained with the help of methods pertaining to the theory of linear spaces. The actual numerical analysis determined by the coordinate-free solution turns out to be a generalization of the formalism of canonical correlation analysis for two sets of variables. A numerical example is provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, T. W.,An introduction to multivariate statistical analysis. New York: Wiley, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, M. S. The statistical significance of canonical correlations.Biometrika, 1941,32, 29–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, M. S. Multivariate analysis.Supplement of the Journal of the royal statistical society, 1947,9, 176–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, M. S. Internal and external factor analysis.British journal of Psychology, Statistical Section, 1948,1, 73–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaton, A. E. An inter-battery factor analytic approach to clique analysis.Sociometry, 1966,29, 135–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkhoff, G., & MacLane, S.A survey of modern algebra. New York: Macmillan, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, C. Factor analysis and canonical correlations.British journal of Psychology, Statistical Section, 1948,1, 95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, W. W., & Lohnes, P. R.Multivariate procedures for the behavioral sciences. New York: Wiley, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckart, C., & Young, Gale. The approximation of one matrix by another of lower rank.Psychometrika, 1936,1, 211–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, W. A. Remarks on Tucker's inter-battery method of factor analysis.Psychometrika, 1960,25, 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, W. A. A retraction on inter-battery factor analysis.Psychometrika, 1961a,26, 451–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, W. A. An asymmetric approach to multiple-factor analysis.British journal of statistical Psychology, 1961b,14, 97–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, W. A. On the symmetric treatment of an asymmetric approach to factor analysis.Psychometrika, 1963,28, 423–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, B. F. The orthogonal approximation of an oblique structure in factor analysis.Psychometrika, 1952,17, 429–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulliksen, H.Theory of mental tests. New York: Wiley, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halmos, P. R.Finite-dimensional vector spaces. Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horst, P. Relations amongm sets of measures.Psychometrika, 1961a,26, 129–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horst, P.Generalized canonical correlations and their applications to experimental data. University of Washington Research Report, Division of Counseling and Testing Services, February 1961b.

  • Hotelling, H. The most predictable criterion.Journal of educational Psychology, 1935,26, 139–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotelling, H. Relations between two sets of variates.Biometrika, 1936,28, 321–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotelling, H. The relation of the newer multivariate statistical methods to factor analysis.British journal of statistical Psychology, 1957,10, 69–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, M. G.A course in multivariate analysis. London: Griffin, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristof, W. Die beste orthogonale Transformation zur gegenseitigen Überführung zweier Faktorenmatrizen.Diagnostica, 1964,10, 87–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, S. N., & Bargmann, R. E. Tests of multiple independence and the associated confidence bounds.Annals of mathematical Statistics, 1958,29, 491–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozeboom, W. W. Linear correlations between sets of variables.Psychometrika, 1965,30, 57–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rulon, P. J., Schweiker, R. F., & Garfujkel, F.Discrimination power and factorial stability of two interest measures for airman classification. Lackland Air Force Base, Texas: Personnel Laboratory, Wright Air Development Center, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, G. The maximum correlation of two weighted batteries.British journal of Psychology, Statistical Section, 1947,1, 27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L. R. An inter-battery method of factor analysis.Psychometrika, 1958,23, 111–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilks, S. S. On the independence ofk sets of normally distributed statistical variables.Econometrica, 1953,3, 309–326.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This investigation has been supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-2752(00).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kristof, W. Orthogonal inter-battery factor analysis. Psychometrika 32, 199–227 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289427

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289427

Keywords

Navigation