Summary
Time variance is better suited than volume variance to compare performances of columns of different diameters but of same length and working at the same linear velocity of the mobile phase. When a make-up flow is used at the detector inlet, only column and detector time variances remain additive. Make-up flow enables reduction of the detector contribution to the total variance. However, in some practical cases, the dispersion effects of the detector inlet tubing or electronic time constant can prevail over that of the flow cell. Owing to their different flow dependence, the decrease in detector variance due to make-up is often much lower than expected. Theoretical equations and curves are given for a rapid evaluation of make-up flow.
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Gareil, P., Rosset, R. The effect of make-up flow on detector time variance in micro column liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 20, 367–371 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269064
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269064