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Radar and sodar probing of waves and turbulence in statically stable clear-air layers

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Abstract

This paper reviews the remote sensing of waves and turbulence in statically stable atmospheric layers, utilizing sodar and microwave radar echoes from the small-scale inhomogeneities in gaseous refractive index caused by localized fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and velocity. Scattering theory and sounding methodology are reviewed briefly, and the relative performance of typical radar and sodar systems compared. The main section of the paper takes the form of a summary and discussion of experimental progress since 1969, showing how the echo patterns obtained may be applied to the interpretation of multiple layering, gravity waves, internal fronts and the details of dynamic instability and the genesis of turbulence in stably stratified shear layers. In addition, methods for the measurement of the intensity of the small-scale (∼ λ/2) variability of wind, temperature and water vapor from the observed radar or sodar echo intensities, and the use of Doppler techniques for the measurement of mean velocity and turbulence are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of National Defence, Stockholm, Sweden

    Hans Ottersten

  2. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Bedford, Mass., USA

    Kenneth R. Hardy

  3. Environmental Research Laboratories, NORA, Boulder, Colo., USA

    C. Gordon Little

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  1. Hans Ottersten
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  2. Kenneth R. Hardy
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  3. C. Gordon Little
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SODAR from SOund Detection And Ranging in analogy to RAdio Detection And Ranging.

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Ottersten, H., Hardy, K.R. & Little, C.G. Radar and sodar probing of waves and turbulence in statically stable clear-air layers. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 4, 47–89 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02265225

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