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Urban parks, energy budgets, and surface temperatures

Stadtparks, Energiebudgets und Oberflächentemperaturen

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Summary

This paper deals with the results of the combination of two deterministic models: a multi-layered canopy leaf energy budget model CANOPY and a complex street canyon energy budget model URBAN 3. Both models were validated previously. In comparing the effect of street parks and roof gardens in contrast to non-vegetated city blocks. four typical urban morphologies were created, ranging from high-rise structures to low buildings and combinations thereof. These building systems were exposed to typical summer and winter scenarios for three latitudes. The simulations indicated a variety of increases in absorbed shortwave radiation and net radiation, and decreases in sensible heat flux and system reradiation compared to non-vegetated environments. It is believed that the discussed features represent generalized limits of the possible effect of adding vegetatived surface covers to non-vegetated city blocks.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse der Kombination von zwei Modellen mitgeteilt: eines Energiebudgetmodells CANOPY für eine mehrschichtige Vegetationsdecke und eines Energiebudgetmodells URBAN 3 für einen komplexen Straßenzug. Fur den Vergleich des Einflusses von bewachsenen Straßen und Dachgärten im Gegensatz zu nicht bewachsenen Hauserblocks werden vier typische Stadtformen, reichend von Hochhaus-Strukturen bis zu niedrigen Gebäuden und deren Kombination zugrunde gelegt. Diese Gebäudesysteme werden typischen Sommer- und Winterverhältnissen in drei geographischen Breiten ausgesetzt. Diese Simulationen zeigten im Vergleich mit unbewachsener Umgebung eine Verschiedenheit in der Zunahme von absorbierter kurzwelliger Strahlung und Strahlungsbilanz und in einer Abnahme des sensiblen Wärmeflusses und der Ruckstrahlung. Es wird angenommen, daß die besprochenen Merkmale verallgemeinerte Grenzen für die mögliche Wirkung der Anlage von Vegetationsflächen zu nicht bewachsenen Häuserblocks anzeigen.

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O'Rourke, P.A., Terjung, W.H. Urban parks, energy budgets, and surface temperatures. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biocl., Ser. B 29, 327–344 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263309

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