Summary
Use of supercritical fluids or compressed gases in capillary chromatography can result in the efficient separation of high-boiling solutes at relatively low temperatures. The chromatographic system is kept under high-pressure conditions from the point of sampling to detection to avoid the problems of large pressure gradients across the column. Expressions are given here that describe the theoretical performance of such a system. Capillary colums should deliver 106 theoretical plates under reasonable operating conditions. Consideration is given to the time of analysis and the detection requirements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. Klesper, A. H. Corwin andD. A. Turner, J. Org. Chem.27, 700 (1962).
M. N. Myers andJ. C. Giddings, Sepn. Sci.1, 761 (1966).
S. T. Sie, W. Van Beersum andG. W. A. Rijnders, Sepn. Sci.1, 459 (1966).
S. T. Sie andG. W. A. Rijnders, Anal. Chim. Acta38, 31 (1967).
T. H. Gouw andR. e. Jentoft, J. Chromatogr.68, 303 (1972).
T. H. Gouw andR. E. Jentoft, “Practical Aspects in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography”, in: Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 13,J. C. Gidding, E. Grushka, R. A. Keller andJ. Cazes (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1975; p. 1.
E. Klesper, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.17, 738 (1978).
K. Zosel (Studiengesellschaft Kohle), DBP 2,005,293 (Priority: Feb. 5, 1970).
K. Zosel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.17, 702 (1978).
P. Hubert andO. G. Vitzthum, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng.17, 710 (1978).
M. Novotny, S. R. Springston, P. A. Peaden, J. C. Fjeldsted andM. L. Lee, Anal. Chem.53, 407A (1981).
T. Tsuda andM. Novotny, Anal. Chem.50, 632 (1978).
T. Tsuda, K. Hibi, T. Nakanishi, T. Takeuchi andD. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.158, 227 (1978).
T. Tsuda andG. Nakagawa, J. Chromatogr.199, 249 (1980).
J. C. Giddings, Anal. Chem.36, 1890 (1964).
M. Novotny, W. Bertsch andA. Zlatkis, J. Chromatogr.61, 17 (1971).
G. Guiochon, Anal. Chem.50, 1812 (1978).
G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.185, 3 (1979).
J. H. Knox andM. T. Gilbert, J. Chromatogr.186, 405 (1979).
U. van Wasen andG. M. Schneider, Chromatographia8, 274 (1975).
R. E. Jentoft andT. H. Gouw, Anal. Chem.48, 2195 (1976).
S. T. Sie andG. W. A. Rinjnders, Sepn. Sci.2, 729 (1967).
M. J. E. Golay, Anal. Chem.29, 928 (1957).
J. C. Gidding, Dynamics of Chromatography, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1965, p. 279.
J. S. Duffield andM. J. Harris, Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem.80, 157 (1976).
W. C. Robb andH. G. Drickamer, J. Chem. Phys.19, 1504 (1951).
G. M. Schneider, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.17, 716 (1978).
D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, G. R. Luckhurst andW. T. Swanton, in:M. van Swaay (Ed.), Gas Chromatography 1962, Butterworths, London, 1962, p. 67.
J. A. Graham andL. B. Rogers, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 75 (1980).
D. Bartmann andG. M. Schneider, J. Chromatogr.83, 135 (1973).
J. Kestin, J. H. Whitelaw andT. F. Zien, Physica30, 161 (1964).
D. H. Desty andA. Goldup, in: R. P. W. Scott (Ed.), Gas Chromatography 1960, Butterworths, London, 1960, p. 162.
C. E. Reese andR. P. W. Scott, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 479 (1980).
K. Grob andG. Grob, J. Chromatogr. Sci.7, 584 (1969).
K. D. Bartle, L. Bergstedt, M. Novotny andG. Widmark, J. Chromatogr.45, 256 (1969).
M. Novotny, M. L. Lee andK. D. Bartle, Chromatographia7, 333 (1974).
K. Grob andK. Grob Jr., J. Chromatogr.94, 53 (1974).
R. E. Jentoft andT. H. Gouw, J. Chromatogr. Sci.8, 138 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Springston, S.R., Novotny, M. Kinetic optimization of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography using carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Chromatographia 14, 679–684 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259454
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259454