Skip to main content
Log in

The coupling of gas chromatography with methods of identification

II. The use of chemical methods

Kombination der Gas-Chromatographie mit Methoden zur Identifizierung

II. Chemische Methoden

Couplage de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec des méthods d'identification

II. L'emploi de méthodes chimiques

  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Though gas chromatography itself does involve chemical reactions, there are several analytical techniques in which samples being chromatographed are caused to undergo chemical reaction either before chromatography, after chromatography, or in the couse of detection. In many such cases, the reaction appratus is integrated with the gas-chromatographic apparatus. These combinations of reactors with gas chromatographs are reviewed.

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl während der Gas-chromatographie an sich keine chemischen Reaktionen stattfinden, gibt es verschiedene analytische Verfahren, bei denen chromatographierte Proben entweder vor dem Chromatographieren, nach dem Chromatographieren oder beim Nachweis einer chemischen Reaktion unterworfen werden. In vielen derartigen Fällen ist die Reaktionsvorrichtung integraler Bestandteil der gas-chromatographischen Apparatur. Solche Kombinationen von Reaktoren mit Gas-chromatographen werden betrachtet.

Sommaire

Bien que la chromatographie en phase gazeuse ne fasse pas elle meme intervenir de réactions chimiques, il exicte plusieurs techniques analytiques dans lesquelles les échantillons chromatographiés sont soumis à des réactions chimiques, soit avant la chromatographie, soit après, soit en cours de détection. Souvent, dans de tels cas, l'appareil de réaction fait partie intégrale du chromatographe. De telles combinaisons de réacteurs avec des chromatographes sont passées en revue.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Albert, D. K., Anal. Chem.35, 1918 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Anon., Chem. and Eng. News41, 62 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anon., Separation Techniques no. 4., W.G. Pye and Co. Ltd.

  4. Anon., Chem. Eng. News38, 80 (1960).

  5. Aunstrup, K. andDfiertoft, R., Brugmesteren17, 137 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bassette, R. andWhitnash, C. H., Anal. Chem.32, 1098 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Belen'kii, B. G., andOrestova, V. A., Izvest. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Chem. Sic. Div.,1964, 166.

  8. Berezkin, V. G., Mysak, A. E., andPolak, L. S., Chem. Abs.62, 6313 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Beroza, M., Nature196, 768 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Beroza, M., Anal. Chem.34, 1801 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Beroza, M., J. Org. Chem.28, 3562 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Beroza, M. andSarmiento, R. Anal. Chem.35, 1353 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Beroza, M. andSarmiento, R., Anal. Chem.36, 1744 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Beroza, M. andSarmiento, R., Anal. Chem.38, 1042 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Blom, L. andEdelhausen, L., Anal. Chim. Acta13, 120 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Blom, L. andEdelhausen, L., Anal. Chim. Acta15, 559 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Blom, L., Edelhausen, L., andSmeets, T., Z. Anal. Chem.189 91 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bond, R. L., Mullin, W. J., andPinchin, F. J., Chem. and Ind.,1963, 1902.

  19. Burton, G., Littlewood, A. B., andWiseman, W. A. “Gas Chromatography 1966” Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium of the GC Discussion Group, Littlewood, A. B., Ed., Institute of Petroleum, 1967, p. 193.

  20. Casu, B. andCavallotti, L., Anal. Chem.34, 1514 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cipriano, C. andHayes, W. J., J. Agr. Food Chem.10, 366 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Clerc, J. T., Dohner R., Sauter, W., andSimon W., Helv. Chim. Acta46, 2369 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cohen, E. N. andBrewer, H. W., J. Gas Chromatog.2, 261 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Coulson, D. M., Cavanagh, L. A., De Vries, J. E., andWlather, B., J. Agr. Food Chem.,6, 399 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Desikan, P. andAmberg, C. H., Can. J. Chem.41, 1966 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Drawert, F., Abhandl. Deut. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Kl. Chem. Geol. Biol.1962, 9.

  27. Drawert, F., „Gas Chromatography 1962”, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium, Hamburg 1962. Ed. Swaay, van M., Butterworths, 1963, p. 347;

  28. Drawert, F., Angew. Chem.72, 33 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Drawert, F., Felgenhauer, R., andKupfer, G., Angew. Chem.72, 555 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Drawert, F. andReuther, K. H., Chem. Ber.93, 3066 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ferber, E. andAnders, L., Die Chemie57, 119 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Franc, J. andDvoracek, J., J. Chromatog.14, 340 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Franc, J., Dvoracek, J., andKolouskova, V., Mikrochim. ichnoanal. Acta1965, 4

  34. Franc, J. andKolouskova, V., J. Chromatog.17, 221 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Franc, J. andWurst, M., 3rd conference on Anal. Chem., Prague, Sept. 1959.

  36. Franc, J. andWurst, M., Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.25, 701 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Franc, J. andWurst, M., Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.25, 2299 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fredericks, E.M. andHarlow, G.A., Anal. Chem.36, 263 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Greene, G.E., Nature180, 295 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Grossi, G. andVece, R., J. Gas Chromatog.3, 170 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Haken, J.K., Gas Chromatog.1, 30 (10) (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hayes, W.J., Dale, W.E., andLeBreton, R., Nature199, 1189 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Harris, W.E. andMcFadden, W.H., Anal. Chem.31, 307 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Heaton, W.B. andWentworth, J.T., Anal. Chem.31, 349 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Heines, V., JuHasz, R., O'Leary, M.A., andSchramm, G., Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci.18, 1 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hoff, J.E. andFeit, E.D., Anal. Chem.36, 1002 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Hoff, J.E. andFeit, E.D., Anal. Chem.35, 1298 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Hoffman, E.R. andLysyj, J., Microchem. J.6, 45 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hughes, R.B., J. Sci. Food and Agr.11, 47 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hunter, I.R., Ortegren, V.H., andPence, J.W., Anal. Chem.32, 682 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Huyten, F.H. andRijnders, G.W.A., Z. anal. Chem.205, 460 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Hyden, S., Anal. Chem.35, 113 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Ikeda, R.M., Simmons, D.E. andGrossman, J.D., Anal. Chem.36, 2188 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Insull, W. andJames, A.T., „Advances in Gas Chromatography”, A.C.S. Symposium, New York 1967, p. D111.

  55. James, A.T. andMartin, A.J.P., Analyst77, 915 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. James, A.T. andMartin, A.J.P., Biochem. J.50, 679 (1952).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Jamieson, G.R., Analyst84, 75 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Janak, J., J. Chromatog.16, 543 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Janak, J. andNovak, J., Chem. Listy51, 1832 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Janak, J. andNovak, J., Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.,24, 384 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Janak, J., Novak, J., andSulovsky, J., Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.27, 2541 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Jones, L.A. andMonroe, R.J., Anal. Chem.37, 935 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Juranek, J., Chem. Listy51, 2280 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Juranek, J., Chem. Listy52, 1289 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Juranek, J., Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.24, 2306 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Juranek, J., Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.24, 135 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Juranek, J., Tech. Dig.11, 14 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kamer, J.H., Gerritsma, K.W., andWansink, E.J., Biochem J.61, 174 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Kauffman, F.L. et al., Chem. Abs.55, 6718 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kerr, J.A. andTrotman-Dickenson, A.F., Trans. Farad. Soc.55, 572 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Keulemans, A.I.M. andPerry, S.G., „Gas Chromatography 1962”, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium, Hamburg 1962, Ed. Swaay, van M., Butterworths 1963, p. 356.

  72. Klaas, P.J., Anal. Chem.33, 1851 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Knight, H.S. andWeiss, F.T., Anal. Chem.34, 752 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Kolb, B. andKasier, K.H., J. Gas Chromatog.2, 235 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Krejci, M., Tesarik, K., andJanak, J., „Advances in Gas Chromatography, Proceedings of the second ISA Symposium, June, 1959”. Academic Press Inc., 1960.

  76. Krejci, M., Tesarik, K., andJanak, J., „Gas Chromatography” Proceedings of the symposium of the ISA, June 1959, Academic Press, 1961, p. 255.

  77. Kung, J.T., Whitney, J.E. andCavagnol, J.C., Anal. Chem.33, 1505 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Levy, R.L., Chromatographic Reviews8, 49 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Liberti, A., Anal. Chim. Acta17, 247 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Liberti, A. andCartoni, G.P., Atti accad. natz. Lincei., Rend. Classe sci. fis. mat. e nat.20, 787 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Liberti, A. andCartoni, G.P., „Gas Chromatography 1958”, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium of the Gas Chromatography Discussion Group, Amsterdam 1958, Ed. Desty, D.H., Butterworths 1958, p. 321.

  82. Liberti, A., Cartoni, G.P. andPallotta, U., Il Latte30, 581 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Liberti, A. andCartoni, G.P., Chim. e Ind., (Milano)39, 821 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Littlewood, A.B. andWiseman, W.A., J. Gas. Chromatog.5, 334 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Martin, A.E., B. P. 790, 217 (1954).

  86. Martin, R.L., Anal. Chem.32, 436 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Martin, R.L., Anal. Chem.38, 1209 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Martin, R.L. andGrant, J.A., Anal. Chem.37, 644 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. McInnes, A.G., „Vapour Phase Chromatography”, Proceedings of the First International Symposium of the GC Discussion Group, London 1966, Ed. Desty, D.H., Butterworths 1967, p. 304.

  90. Mizrahi, I. andNigam, I.C., J. Chromatog.25, 230 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Mounts, T.L. andDutton, H.J., Anal. Chem.37, 641 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Nel, W., Mortimer, J., andPretorius, V., S African Ind. Chemist13, 68 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Nelson, K.H., Hines, W.J., Grimes, M.D., andSmith, D.E., Anal. Chem.32, 1110 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Nigam, I.C., J. Chromatog.24, 188 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Ockerman, H.W., Diss. Abs.,23, 988 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Porter, K. andVolman, D.H., Anal. Chem.34, 752 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Pringer, O. andPascalau, M., J. Chromatog.8, 410 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Ralls, J.W., J. Agr. Food. Chem.8, 141 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Ralls, J.W., Anal. Chem.32, 332 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Ralls, J.W., Anal. Chem.36, 946 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Ray, N.H., Analyst80, 853 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Sato, T., Shinriki, N., andMikami, N., Bunseki Kagaku14, 223 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Schepartz, A.I. andMcDowell, P.E., Anal. Chem.32, 723 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Simmons, M.C., Taylor, L.M. andNager, M., Anal. Chem.32, 701 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Stein, K.C. et al., Ind. Eng. Chem.52, 671 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Stein, K.C. et. al., J. Air Pollution Control Assoc.10, 275 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Stephens, R.L. andTeszler, A.P., Anal. Chem.32, 1047 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Sunner, S., Karrman, K.J., andSunden, V., Mikrochim. Acta1956, 1144.

  109. Swinnerton, J.W., Linnenbom, V.J., andCheek, C.H., Anal. Chem.36, 1972 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Thompson, C.J., Coleman, H.J., Hopkins, R.L., andRall, H.T., Anal. Chem.37, 1042 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Thompson, G.F. andSmith, K., Anal. Chem.37, 1591 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Tilley, J.M.A., Canaway, R.J., andTerry, R.A., Analyst89, 363 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Walsh, J.T. andMerritt, C., Anal. Chem.32, 1378 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. West, D.L., Anal. Chem.36, 2194 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Whitham, B. T., Nature182, 391 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  116. Wurst, M. andDusek, R., Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.25, 2022 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  117. Zlatkis, A., Oro, J.F., andKimball, A.P., Anal. Chem.32, 162 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Zlatkis, A. andRidgway, J.A., Nature182, 130 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Littlewood, A.B. The coupling of gas chromatography with methods of identification. Chromatographia 1, 133–139 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02258947

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02258947

Keywords

Navigation