Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The fully digital evaluation of photographic PIV recordings

  • Published:
Applied Scientific Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The performance of a purely digital evaluation system for photographic PIV recordings is described. High resolution digital images are obtained from the 35 mm negatives using a commonly available slide scanner. Together with the continually improving capabilities of standard computers, this evaluation system is a cost effective alternative to the traditional analog optical/digital (Young's fringe method) and purely optical PIV interrogation systems. Compared to the optical systems the fully digital evaluation can provide a higher spatial resolution while maintaining a similar measurement uncertainty. Using actual PIV recordings absolute measurement uncertainties are obtained and further predictions toward optimal displacement data recovery are made with the aid of Monte-Carlo simulations. Measurement uncertainties are minimized for particle image diameters on the order of 2 pixels while the reduction of the image depth (i.e. bits/pixel) has little effect. The overall performance of the described digital evaluation is compared to two types of optical evaluation systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  1. Adrian, R.J., Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics.Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23 (1991) 261–304.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Adrian, R.J., Limiting resolution of particle image velocimetry for turbulent flow. In:Advances in Turbulence Research, Postech, Pohang, Korea, 27–29 March (1995) pp. 1–19.

  3. Keane, R.D. and Adrian, R.J., Theory of cross-correlation analysis of PIV images.Appl. Sci. Res. 49 (1992) 191–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Keane, R.D., Adrian, R.J. and Zhang, Y., Super-resolution particle imaging velocimetry.Meas. Sci. Tech. 6 (1995) 754–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Meinhart, C.D., Prasad, A.K. and Adrian, R.J., A parallel digital processor system for particle image velocimetry.Meas. Sci. Tech. 4 (1993) 619–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Oppenheim, A.V. and Willsky, A.S.,Signals and Systems. Prentice-Hall Signal Processing Series. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (1983) pp.203–205.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Prasad, A.K., Adrian, R.J., Landreth, C.C. and Offutt, P.W., Effect of resolution on the speed and accuracy of particle image velocimetry interrogation.Exps. Fluids 13 (1992) 105–116.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A. and Vetterling, W.T.,Numerical Recipes in C. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press (1988) pp. 414–418.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Raffel, M., Leitl, B. and Kompenhans, J., Data validation for particle image velocimetry. In: R.J. Adrian et al. (eds.),Laser Techniques and Applications in Fluid Mechanics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1993) pp. 210–226.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Raffel, M. and Kompenhans, J., Error analysis for PIV recording utilizing image shifting. In:Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. on ‘Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics’, Lisbon, Portugal, 11–14 July (1994) pp. 35.5.1–35.5.5.

  11. Raffel, M. and Kompenhans, J., Theoretical and experimental aspects of image shifting by means of a rotating mirror system for particle image velocimetry.Meas. Sci. Tech. 6 (1995) 795–808.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Raffel, M., Westerweel, J., Willert, C., Gharib, M. and Kompenhans, J., Analytical and experimental investigations of dual-plane PIV. In:SPIE Proc. Intl. Symp., Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, San Diego, U.S.A. 9–14 July 1995, SPIE Vol. 2546 (1995) pp. 75–86.

  13. Vogt, A., Raffel, M. and Kompenhans, J., Comparison of optical and digital evaluation of photographic PIV recordings. In:Proc. 6th Intl. Symp. ‘Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics’, Lisbon, Portugal, 20–23 July (1992) pp. 27.4.1–27.4.6.

  14. Vogt, A., Reichel, F. and Kompenhans, J., A compact and simple all optical evaluation method for PIV recordings. In:Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. on ‘Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics’, Lisbon, Portugal, 11–14 July (1994) pp. 35.2.1–35.2.8.

  15. Wernet, M. and Pline, A., Particle displacement tracking technique and Cramer-Rao lower bound error in centroid estimates from CCD imagery.Exps. Fluids 15 (1993) 295–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Westerweel, J.,Digital Particle Image Velocimetry — Theory and Application. Delft: Delft University Press (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Westerweel, J., Draad, A.A., van der Hoeven, J.G.Th. and van Oord, J., A fast data acquisition system for digital PIV. In:Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. on ‘Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics’, Lisbon, Portugal, 11–14 July (1994) pp 35.1.1–35.1.8.

  18. Willert, C.E. and Gharib, M., Digital particle image velocimetry,Exps. Fluids 10 (1991) 181–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Quantitative Visualization (CQV), c/o DLR, Institut für Strömungsmechanik, Bunsenstraße 10, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Christian Willert

Authors
  1. Christian Willert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Affiliated with DNW-NWB, DLR-Braunschweig.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Willert, C. The fully digital evaluation of photographic PIV recordings. Appl. Sci. Res. 56, 79–102 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249375

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249375

Key words

Search

Navigation