Abstract
The spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic demands that prevention reach large populations in short periods of time, goals that may be facilitated by videotape interventions. This paper reviews empirical studies that have tested the effects of HIV education and prevention videotapes. Although most videotapes are not based on psychological theories and most studies have suffered methodological limitations, research has shown that educational videotapes increase knowledge about HIV-AIDS and change attitudes related to HIV risk behavior. In general, videotapes have shown promising results at increasing readiness to change but have not demonstrated significant effects on HIV risk behavior. However, few videotape interventions have explicitly targeted risk reduction behaviors. In light of the empirical findings, a model is proposed for developing HIV prevention videotapes based on HIV risk behavior change theories.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, S., Serufilira, A., Bogaerts, J., Van de Perre, P., Nsengumuremyl, F., Lindan, C., Carael, M., Wolf, W., Coates, T., & Hulley, S. (1992). Confidential HIV testing and condom promotion in Africa: Impact on HIV and gonorrhea rates.Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 3338–3343.
Allen, S., Serufilira, A., Gruber, V., Kegeles, S., Van de Perre, P., Carael, M., & Coates, T. (1993). Pregnancy and contraception use among urban Rwanda women after HIV testing and counseling.American Journal of Public Health, 83, 705–710.
Allen, S., Tice, J., Van de Perre, P., Serufilira, A., Hudes, E., Nsengumuremyi, F., Bogaerts, J., Lindan, C., & Hulley, S. (1992). Effect of serotesting with counselling on condom use and seroconversion among HIV discordant couples in Africa.British Medical Journal, 304, 1605–1609.
American Red Cross. (1986).Beyond Fear [Film]. Washington DC.
Ashworth, C.S., DuRant, R., Gillard, G., & Roundtree, J. (1994). An experimental evaluation of an AIDS educational intervention for WIC mothers.AIDS Education and Prevention, 6, 154–167.
Bandura, A. (1986).Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1989). Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of control over AIDS infection. In V.M. Mays, G.W. Albee, & S.F. Schneider (Eds.),Primary prevention of AIDS: Psychological approaches. (pp. 128–141). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Bandura, A. (1994). Social cognitive theory and exercise of control over HIV infection (pp. 25–60). In R. DiClemente & J. Peterson,Preventing AIDS: Theories, methods, and behavioral interventions. New York: Plenum.
Brown, S.A., Duchin, S., & Villagomez, E.T (1992). Diabetes education in a Mexican-American population: Pilot testing of a research-based videotape.Diabetes Educator, 18, 47–51.
Catania, J.A., Kegeles, S.M., & Coates, T.J. (1990). Towards an understanding of risk behavior: An AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM).Health Education Quarterly, 17, 53–72.
Coates, T.J. (1990). Strategies for modifying sexual behavior for primary and secondary prevention of HIV disease.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 57–69.
Cochran, P. (Producer). (1993).The HIV Test: Who Should Take It? What Does It Show? [Film]. Pleasantville, NY: Human Relations Media.
Engle M. (1990).AIDS: What everyone needs to know, 2nd Revision [Film]. New York: Churchill Films.
Fisher, J.D., & Fisher, W.A. (1992). Changing AIDS-risk behavior.Psychological Bulletin, 111, 455–474.
Fischhoff, B. (1989). Making decisions about AIDS. In V.M. Mays, G. Albee, & S. Schneider (Eds.),Primary prevention of AIDS: Psychological approaches. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Future Vision. (1988).AIDS: What You Need to Know [Film]. Tulsa, OK.
Healton, C.G., & Messeri, P. (1993). The effect of video interventions on improving knowledge and treatment compliance in the sexually transmitted disease clinic setting: Lesson for HIV health education.Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20, 70–79.
Herek, G.M. (1991).VideoAIDS: A catalogue for users of AIDS educational videos (2nd edition). AIDS Psychosocial Research Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1972). Subjective probability: A judgement of representativeness.Cognitive Psychology, 3, 430–454.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk.Econometrica, 47, 263–291.
Kalichman, S.C., Carey, M.P., Johnson, B. (in press). Prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection: A meta-analytic review and critique of the theory-based intervention outcome literature.Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
Kalichman, S.C., & Coley, B. (1995). Context framing to enhance HIV antibody testing messages targeted to african-American women.Health Psychology, 14, 247–254.
Kalichman, S.C., Kelly, J., Hunter, T., Murphy, D., & Tyler, R. (1993). Culturally tailored HIV-AIDS risk-reduction messages targeted to African-American urban women: Impact on risk sensitization and risk reduction.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 291–295.
Kalichman, S.C., Sikkema, K., Kelly, J.A., & Bulto, M. (1995). Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among chronic mentally ill adults: Effects of a brief behavioral skills intervention.Psychiatric Services, 46, 275–280.
Kelly, J.A., Murphy, D., Sikkema, K., & Kalichman, S. (1993). Psychological interventions are urgently needed to prevent HIV infection: New priorities for behavioral research in the second decade of AIDS.American Psychologist, 48, 1023–1034.
Lipson, J.M., & Brown, L.T. (1991). Do videotapes improve knowledge and attitudes about AIDS?Journal of American College Health, 39, 235–243.
Maibach, E.W., & Cotton, D. (in press). Moving people to behavior change: A staged social cognitive approach to message design. In E.W. Maibach & R. Parrott (Eds.),Designing health messages: Approaches from communication theory and public health practice.
Maibach, E.W., & Flora, J.A. (1993). Symbolic modeling and cognitive rehearsal: Using video to promote AIDS prevention self-efficacy.Communication Research, 20, 517–545.
Meyerowitz, B., & Chaiken, S. (1987). The effects of message framing on breast self-examination: Attitudes, intentions, and behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 500–510.
New York City Department of Health. (1987).Needle Talk [Film]. New York: City of New York.
O'Donnell, L., Doval, A.S., Duran, R., & O'Donnell, C. (1995). The effectiveness of video-based interventions in promoting condoms acquisition among STD clinic patients.Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 22, 97–103.
O'Donnell, L., Doval, A.S., Vornfett, R., & DeJong, W. (1994). Reducing AIDS and other STDs among inner-city Hispanics: The use of qualitative research in the development of video-based patient education.AIDS Education and Prevention, 6, 140–153.
Prochaska, J.O., Redding, C.A., Harlow, L.L., Rossi, J.S., & Velicer, W.F. (1994). The stages of change model and HIV prevention.Health Education Quarterly, 21.
Quirk, M.E., Godkin, M.A., & Schwenzfeier, E. (1993). Evaluation of two AIDS prevention interventions for inner-city adolescent and young adult women.American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9, 21–26.
Rosenstock, I.M., Strecher, V., & Becker, M. (1994). The health belief model and HIV risk behavior change. In R. DiClemente & J. Peterson,Preventing AIDS: Theories and methods of behavioral interventions. New York: Plenum.
San Francisco AIDS Foundation. (1987).The AIDS Antibody Test [Film]. San Francisco, CA.
Select Media. (1986)Sex, Drugs, and AIDS [Film]. New York, New York.
Select Media. (1987)The Subject is AIDS [Film]. New York, New York.
Skinner, C.S., Strecher, V.J., & Hospers, H. (1994). Physicians' recommendations for mammography: Do tailored messages make a difference?American Journal of Public Health, 84, 43–49.
Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., & Lichtenstein, S. (1982). Facts versus fears: Understanding perceived risk. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.),Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 463–489). New York: Cambridge Press.
Solomon, M.Z., & DeJong, W. (1989). The impact of a clinic-based educational videotape on knowledge and treatment behavior of men with gonorrhea.Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 15, 127–132.
Solomon, M.Z., & DeJong, W. (1989). Preventing AIDS and other STDs through condom promotion: A patient education intervention.American Journal of Public Health, 79, 453–458.
Solomon, M.Z., DeJong, W., & Jodie, T.A. (1988) Improving drug regimen adherence among patients with sexually transmitted disease.The Journal of Compliance in Health Care, 3, 41–56.
Stevenson, H.C., & Davis, G. (1994). Impact of culturally sensitive AIDS video education on the AIDS risk knowledge of African-American adolescents.AIDS Education and Prevention, 6, 40–52.
Stevenson, H.C., Gay, K.M., & Josar, L. (1995). Culturally sensitive AIDS education and perceived AIDS risk knowledge: Reaching the “know-it-all” teenager.AIDS Education and Prevention, 7, 134–144.
Stone, S., Holden, A., Knapie, N., & Ansell, J. (1989). Comparison between videotape and personalized patient education for anticoagulant therapy.Journal of Family Practice, 29, 55–57.
Sutton, S., & Hallett, R. (1988). Smoking intervention in the workplace using videotapes and nicotine chewing gum.Preventive Medicine, 17, 48–59.
Telch, M.J., Miller, L.M., Killen, J.D., Cooke, S., & MacCoby, N. (1990). Social influences approach to smoking prevention: The effects of videotape delivery with and without same-age peer leader participation.Addictive Behaviors, 15, 21–28.
Terry, D. J., Gallois, C., & McCamish, M. (1993).The theory of reasoned action: Its application to AIDS-preventive behavior. New York: Pergamon Press.
Wenger, N.S., Greenberg, J.M., Hilborne, L.H., Kusseling, F., Mangotich, M., & Shipiro, M.F. (1992). Effect of HIV antibody testing and AIDS education on communication about HIV risk and sexual behavior.Annals of Internal Medicine, 117, 905–911.
Wenger, N.S., Linn, L.S., Epstein, M., & Shapiro, M. (1991). Reduction of high-risk sexual behavior among heterosexuals undergoing HIV antibody testing: A randomized clinical trial.American Journal of Public Health, 81, 1580–1585.
Winett, R.A., Altman, D.G., & King, A.C. (1990). Conceptual and strategic foundations for effective media campaigns for preventing the spread of HIV infection.Evaluation and Program Planning, 13, 91–104.
Winett, R.A., Anderson, E.S., Moore, J.F., Sikkema, K.J., Hook, R.J., Webster, D.A., Taylor, C.D., Dalton, J.E., Ollendick, T.H., & Eisler, R.M. (1992). Family/media approach to HIV prevention: Results with a home-based, parent-teen video program.Health Psychology, 11, 203–206.
Winett, R., Anderson, E., Moore, J., Taylor, C.D., Hook, R., Webster, D., Neubauer, T., Harden, M., & Mundy, L. (1993). Efficacy of a home-based human immunodeficiency virus prevention video program for teens and parents.Health Education Quarterly, 20, 555–567.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kalichman, S.C. HIV-AIDS prevention videotapes: A review of empirical findings. J Primary Prevent 17, 259–279 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02248795
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02248795